The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The article that is present in a letter to a aeronautics maganize, when read carefully and when it's motives and intentions are understood we realize that there are several flaws and assumptions that are being made just on the reliance and results of some tests. If these assumptions and claims are not justified or proved incorrect then it may seriously harm the reputation and raise questions over the credibility of the space agencies.
Initially let us consider the primary reson of space travel. It has been mankind's greatest desire to explore the universe. The primary reson for the current advancements in technology and space travel is due to the fact we want humans to explore space and various other planets, not some robots or some drones. Even though robots may be much more accurate and helpful than humans, they cannot repalce human presence in space missions. For example, in the case of an asteroid attack or any situation that occurs, the mind of human present up there always considers the emotional as well as the practical aspect of the calamity at hand. A robot in the situation of crisis, may do whatever it is programmed to do, but there is a vast disparity in reality and in preparing a robot action.
The resarch that has been conducted in proving the point that the presence of humans is far more risky than a controlled or free robot or drone seems illogical. The current boom in the area of space missions is space colonizations and space tourism. With earth's resources being depleted at a rapid rate, many agencies and private space companies are exploring the option of colonizing on Planet Mars. If such a scenario were to occur, then we need to send humans for trials in the preliminary stages before making the plan a viable one. Hence in such scenarios and instances, human presence is of utmost importance.
But the point that the article in the magazine tries to make is that in missions where we need to send basic necessities or repletion of stocks and supplies, we can consider sending the satellites and rockets unmaned as preferred to manned. With recent strides made in the development and usage of drones, we can also modify them to environments where they can fly, explore and cover greater distances in a much smaaler time. This can provide us with a tremendous amount of information about the planets resources and many more characteristics.
Thus the viability of the mission should be considered, before making the desicion of whether to send unmanned or manned space missions. The presence of humans and the kind of intelligence one can bring in a situation of calamity is unparalled as to that a unmanned mission or a robot can achieve. The above flaws and assumptions in the magazine article need to be corrected otherwise the clarity and soundness of the argument becomes invalid.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 44, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
... article that is present in a letter to a aeronautics maganize, when read careful...
^
Line 1, column 87, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...eronautics maganize, when read carefully and when its motives and intentions are ...
^^
Line 3, column 74, Rule ID: THE_SUPERLATIVE[2]
Message: A determiner is probably missing here: 'mankinds the greatest'.
Suggestion: mankinds the greatest
...mary reson of space travel. It has been mankinds greatest desire to explore the universe. The pri...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 777, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...rity in reality and in preparing a robot action. The resarch that has been con...
^^
Line 5, column 538, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...es before making the plan a viable one. Hence in such scenarios and instances, human ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 104, Rule ID: BASIC_FUNDAMENTALS[1]
Message: Use simply 'necessities'.
Suggestion: necessities
... that in missions where we need to send basic necessities or repletion of stocks and supplies, we...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...rces and many more characteristics. Thus the viability of the mission should be ...
^^^^
Line 9, column 256, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...on of calamity is unparalled as to that a unmanned mission or a robot can achieve...
^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, hence, if, may, so, then, thus, well, as to, for example, kind of, as well as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 19.6327345309 112% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 31.0 11.1786427146 277% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 13.0 13.6137724551 95% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 28.8173652695 90% => OK
Preposition: 64.0 55.5748502994 115% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2360.0 2260.96107784 104% => OK
No of words: 484.0 441.139720559 110% => OK
Chars per words: 4.87603305785 5.12650576532 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.69041575982 4.56307096286 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70065270489 2.78398813304 97% => OK
Unique words: 242.0 204.123752495 119% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.5 0.468620217663 107% => OK
syllable_count: 765.9 705.55239521 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 22.8473053892 109% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.0952210003 57.8364921388 92% => OK
Chars per sentence: 124.210526316 119.503703932 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.4736842105 23.324526521 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.63157894737 5.70786347227 81% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 5.25449101796 152% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 6.88822355289 29% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.67664670659 150% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.131750592607 0.218282227539 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0419330594406 0.0743258471296 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0463931859853 0.0701772020484 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0728717842717 0.128457276422 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0132737296116 0.0628817314937 21% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 14.3799401198 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.1 48.3550499002 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 12.197005988 107% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.32 12.5979740519 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.15 8.32208582834 110% => OK
difficult_words: 131.0 98.500998004 133% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 12.3882235529 93% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 11.1389221557 108% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 44, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
... article that is present in a letter to a aeronautics maganize, when read careful...
^
Line 1, column 87, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...eronautics maganize, when read carefully and when its motives and intentions are ...
^^
Line 3, column 74, Rule ID: THE_SUPERLATIVE[2]
Message: A determiner is probably missing here: 'mankinds the greatest'.
Suggestion: mankinds the greatest
...mary reson of space travel. It has been mankinds greatest desire to explore the universe. The pri...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 777, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...rity in reality and in preparing a robot action. The resarch that has been con...
^^
Line 5, column 538, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...es before making the plan a viable one. Hence in such scenarios and instances, human ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 104, Rule ID: BASIC_FUNDAMENTALS[1]
Message: Use simply 'necessities'.
Suggestion: necessities
... that in missions where we need to send basic necessities or repletion of stocks and supplies, we...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...rces and many more characteristics. Thus the viability of the mission should be ...
^^^^
Line 9, column 256, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...on of calamity is unparalled as to that a unmanned mission or a robot can achieve...
^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, hence, if, may, so, then, thus, well, as to, for example, kind of, as well as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 19.6327345309 112% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 31.0 11.1786427146 277% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 13.0 13.6137724551 95% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 28.8173652695 90% => OK
Preposition: 64.0 55.5748502994 115% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2360.0 2260.96107784 104% => OK
No of words: 484.0 441.139720559 110% => OK
Chars per words: 4.87603305785 5.12650576532 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.69041575982 4.56307096286 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70065270489 2.78398813304 97% => OK
Unique words: 242.0 204.123752495 119% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.5 0.468620217663 107% => OK
syllable_count: 765.9 705.55239521 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 22.8473053892 109% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.0952210003 57.8364921388 92% => OK
Chars per sentence: 124.210526316 119.503703932 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.4736842105 23.324526521 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.63157894737 5.70786347227 81% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 5.25449101796 152% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 6.88822355289 29% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.67664670659 150% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.131750592607 0.218282227539 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0419330594406 0.0743258471296 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0463931859853 0.0701772020484 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0728717842717 0.128457276422 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0132737296116 0.0628817314937 21% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 14.3799401198 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.1 48.3550499002 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 12.197005988 107% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.32 12.5979740519 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.15 8.32208582834 110% => OK
difficult_words: 131.0 98.500998004 133% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 12.3882235529 93% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 11.1389221557 108% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.