Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters.
In this set of materials, the reading and article both discuss the Edmontosaurus migration a hundred million years ago. The article strongly postulates that in order to prevent the inhospitable north slope weather, edmontosaurus would have migrated to the south and provides three reasons to endorse its idea. However, the lecturer dismisses these claims by stating that arguments made in the reading are dubious and unconvincing, and gainsays each of them.
First and foremost, the article begins by asserting that because edmontosaurus fed on leafy vegetation, and in extreme cold the edmontosaurus had a dearth of food. Therefore, they would have moved to the South. On the other hand, the lecturer refutes the claims by insisting that 100 million years ago, the climate of the north was nothing like today. In summer there was plenty of light, that could have supported the vegetation. Moreover, in winter these vegetations were dried off but were still enough to provide nutrition to the edmontosaurus. Thus, they had not necessary to migrate to the south.
Furthermore, the lecturer posits that living in herds is not an indication that every herd migrated too.to be more specific, there are many animals that lived in the herds for other purposes. such as to keep themselves protected from predator attack. He exemplified that with Elk living in the western united states. Those elks though lived in the herds but do not migrate. Nonetheless, these claims clearly refute the writer's's implication that fossils record showed that edmontosaurus lived in the herds and herds usually involve in migrations.
Ultimately, the writer wraps its arguments by declaring that edmontosaurus are physically strong and hence were capable of covering the long distance to south in harsh arctic winters.Not surprisingly, the professor takes an issue with that by contending that though adults edmontosaurus were physically strong but there were accompanying the young jouvinile with them. It is obvious that young adunts were not capable of covering such log distance or would have slowed down the journey. So there is a chance that admontousaurs had not left their young oneon their way, rather they stayed in the north slope themselves.
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- Some people choose to live in large cities but other prefer to live in small villages Which one do you prefer Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 86
- it is more imporatnt for humans to use land resources to build houses farms factories than to save endangered species 75
- qualities of leader 73
- Do you prefer to do one job or several jobs support your answer with opinions and examples 73
- How do televisions influence people s behavior Use reasons and examples to support your answer 90
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 86, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...erting that because edmontosaurus fed on leafy vegetation, and in extreme cold th...
^^
Line 3, column 192, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Such
... lived in the herds for other purposes. such as to keep themselves protected from pr...
^^^^
Line 4, column 183, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Not
...stance to south in harsh arctic winters.Not surprisingly, the professor takes an is...
^^^
Line 4, column 266, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'adults'' or 'adult's'?
Suggestion: adults'; adult's
...sue with that by contending that though adults edmontosaurus were physically strong bu...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 429, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...oung adunts were not capable of covering such log distance or would have slowed d...
^^
Line 4, column 546, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ce that admontousaurs had not left their young oneon their way, rather they staye...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, moreover, nonetheless, so, still, therefore, thus, as to, such as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 34.0 22.412803532 152% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 46.0 30.3222958057 152% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1876.0 1373.03311258 137% => OK
No of words: 356.0 270.72406181 131% => OK
Chars per words: 5.26966292135 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.34372677135 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.8121162365 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 195.0 145.348785872 134% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.547752808989 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 572.4 419.366225166 136% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 75.9581017272 49.2860985944 154% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.352941176 110.228320801 100% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.9411764706 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.58823529412 7.06452816374 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.156810381887 0.272083759551 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0453614399852 0.0996497079465 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0439404888507 0.0662205650399 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0916437641399 0.162205337803 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.04087094775 0.0443174109184 92% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 13.3589403974 104% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 53.8541721854 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.29 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.89 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 96.0 63.6247240618 151% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 10.7273730684 107% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.