Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herds. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmontosaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmontosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which it certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climates during the harsh arctic winters.
The article and the lecture both deal with whether the migration hypoyhesis is reasonable. While the author of reading thinks that edmontosaurs migrate to survive the winter for three specific reasons, the lecturer opposes the author's claims. In his opinoin, the migration, at some point, is unnecessary.
First, the writer claims that edmontosaurs live on plants, but there grows no plant in winter. Therefore, it's natural for them to travel to southern areas for food. In contrast, the lecturer argues that million of years ago the summer of this region is much warmer, ensuring even 24-hour sunshine at the peak. Thus, although vegetaion dies in winter, edmontosaurs can have dead plants to eat.
Second, the auther mentions that the skeletons found provide evidence that edmontosaurs lives together. On top of that, he adds that a great amount of modern animals also migrate in herds. However, the lecturer calss this argument into question by saying that there remains various kinds of animals that lives in herds but stay in the same habitant. Living in herds may serve other purposes, such as defending predators. Moreover, he takes todays's elk as an example. It feed on plants and live in herds, but they are not migratory animals.
Finally, the writer asserts that edmontosaurscan boasts the ability to move a long distance within several weeks. As opposed to the author, the lecturer holds that merely adults could be capable of the speed. He highlights that there must exist juveniles that fail to locomote so fast, and the herds won't leave them behind.
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| 2023-03-03 | mana000 | 80 | view |
| 2023-02-02 | rodriannnn | 3 | view |
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| 2022-08-25 | Hello GRE | 3 | view |
| 2022-08-25 | Hello GRE | 3 | view |
- Robert E Peary was a well known adventurer and arctic explorer who in 1909 set out to reach the North Pole When he returned from the expedition he claimed to have reached the pole on April 7 1909 This report made him into an international celebrity Though 73
- Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska s North Slope a region that today experiences an extremely cold arctic climate One hundred million years ago when those dinosaurs were alive the environment of the North Slope wa 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Parents today are more involved in their children s education than were parents in the past Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 76
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement To improve the quality of education universities should spend more money on salaries for university professors Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 76
- Glass is a favored building material for modern architecture yet it is also very dangerous for wild birds Because they often cannot distinguish between glass and open air millions of birds are harmed every year when they try to fly through glass windows T 76
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, may, moreover, second, so, therefore, thus, while, as for, in contrast, such as, on top of that
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1312.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 258.0 270.72406181 95% => OK
Chars per words: 5.08527131783 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00778971557 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.52218091157 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 172.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.666666666667 0.540411800872 123% => OK
syllable_count: 392.4 419.366225166 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.8901924579 49.2860985944 65% => OK
Chars per sentence: 82.0 110.228320801 74% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.125 21.698381199 74% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.4375 7.06452816374 119% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0300754436184 0.272083759551 11% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.00876787852602 0.0996497079465 9% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0214148686732 0.0662205650399 32% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0164511119466 0.162205337803 10% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0235391686013 0.0443174109184 53% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.6 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.95 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.84 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.