Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.
Several studies of avian species in Corgett Bird Sanctuary confirm a marked decline in the population of bird species observed there. In 1985 there were six avian species in the sanctuary and each species was represented by a large population of individuals. However, in 2005 only three species of birds were observed in the sanctuary, and the number of individuals of each species was very low. Some researchers have suggested that the decline was caused by the introduction in 1985 of the Malabar pit viper into the sanctuary. (Vipers are known to eat bird eggs.)
In the argument, the author concludes that due to introduction of Malabar pit viper into the sanctuary, the avain species has declined in numbers. The author comes to this conclusion based on the decline of avian species from six to three in 2005 since 1985. While the author's justification might ulimately prove correct, four alternative explainations must also be considered that might account for the observations in the prompt.
Firstly, the author states that several studies of avian species in sanctuary confirm the marked decline in the population of bird species, but how can the validity of studies be accounted for is questionable. It mentions that several studies were conducted, so the results were amalgated from different studies and we need to look for the veracity and value of the studies. The author needs to mention the sources of the studies in order to bolster his or her arguments.
Secondly, the author states that in 1985 there were six avian species and in 2005 there were only three left. Hence it is possible that the species have may migrated to other lands. They may have settled in the other places and hence decline cannot be accounted for species going extinct or being consumed by animals. The author must take into consideration species count from neighbouring areas or from areas where the population of avian species has increased and only then we can account for the decline in species in sanctuary.
Thirdly, the author states that the reason for decline could be due to introduction of Malbar pit viper, a snake which consumes birds as it's diet. Researches claim that due to introduction of viper the avian species have declined in number from six to three. But we also need to consider the existence of other species that may consumed the avian species as pat of their diet. In that case viper is not only the reason for decline for avian species birds.
Lastly, it is also possible of existence of a disease that may have spread among the avian species of the bird which may have led to their potential decline. The author of the argument need to consider this fact into account as well to bolster his or her argument.
To conclude, although it is possible that the author's prediction of decline may be true, the argument currently is not on sound footing due to it's reliance on four unwarranted assumptions. If the author would like to make the prompt more persuasive, he or she must address the four assumptions by providing the most pertinent evidence.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 8 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 7 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 427 350
No. of Characters: 2039 1500
No. of Different Words: 176 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.546 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.775 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.516 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 137 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 114 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 63 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 38 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 23.722 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 5.886 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.722 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.379 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.632 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.187 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 6 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 16, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
In the argument , the author concludes that due to introd...
^^
Line 1, column 271, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
... to three in 2005 since 1985. While the authors justification might ulimately prove cor...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...nt for the observations in the prompt. Firstly, the author states that several ...
^^^
Line 3, column 375, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...r the veracity and value of the studies.The author need to mention the sources of t...
^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...order to bolster his or her arguments. Secondly, the author states that in 1985...
^^^
Line 5, column 111, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...and in 2005 there were only three left. Hence it is possible that the species have ma...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 158, Rule ID: PRP_PAST_PART[3]
Message: Did you mean 'migrate' or 'be migrated'?
Suggestion: migrate; be migrated
...t is possible that the species have may migrated to other lands. They may have settled i...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 291, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e accounted for species going extinct or being consumed by animals. The author mu...
^^
Line 6, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...r the decline in species in sanctuary. Thirdly, the author states that the reas...
^^^
Line 7, column 355, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...cies that may consumed the avian species as pat of their diet. In that case viper...
^^
Line 8, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...n for decline for avian species birds. Lastly, it is also possible of existence...
^^^
Line 10, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...s well to bolster his or her argument. To conclude, although it is possible tha...
^^^
Line 11, column 47, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...clude, although it is possible that the authors prediction of decline may be true, the ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, hence, if, lastly, look, may, second, secondly, so, then, third, thirdly, well, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 19.6327345309 81% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 20.0 12.9520958084 154% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 11.1786427146 107% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 13.6137724551 110% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 28.8173652695 111% => OK
Preposition: 64.0 55.5748502994 115% => OK
Nominalization: 17.0 16.3942115768 104% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2087.0 2260.96107784 92% => OK
No of words: 426.0 441.139720559 97% => OK
Chars per words: 4.89906103286 5.12650576532 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.54310108192 4.56307096286 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.60450186284 2.78398813304 94% => OK
Unique words: 182.0 204.123752495 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.427230046948 0.468620217663 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 638.1 705.55239521 90% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 4.96107784431 81% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.76447105788 126% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 22.8473053892 109% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.7125599287 57.8364921388 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 122.764705882 119.503703932 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.0588235294 23.324526521 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.58823529412 5.70786347227 115% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 13.0 5.25449101796 247% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 6.88822355289 58% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.67664670659 192% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0807526999191 0.218282227539 37% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0336313348684 0.0743258471296 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0322514227211 0.0701772020484 46% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0508035998633 0.128457276422 40% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0153237773162 0.0628817314937 24% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 14.3799401198 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.56 48.3550499002 113% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.44 12.5979740519 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.92 8.32208582834 95% => OK
difficult_words: 82.0 98.500998004 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 15.0 12.3882235529 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 11.1389221557 108% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.