Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.
Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
Although I concur with the reason that much of the information that people believe is factual really turns out to be inaccurate, I disagree with the claim that any piece of data which is believed to be a fact ought to be mistrusted because it may be proven false in the future because some of the facts are axiomatic and thus true by definition, moreover, scientific search has a cumulative characteristic which will be discussed in more details below.
To begin with, much of data which used to be considered as actual one was proven to be inaccurate and even mistaken. Perhaps, Astronomy may give the most well-known examples of this statement. For instance, a plethora of scholars from ancient time to the Middle ages sincerely believed that the sun orbits the planet, that Earth is flat and elephants which stay on the back of giant whale hold it. Although this concept seems to be ridiculous for a modern person, it was widely accepted in many parts of the world with some deviations. Moreover this example is not an acceptation and many of yesterday’s facts are refuted today. However, may we aver that thus we should mistrusted to any piece of information?
The answer on this question is loud "no" because of two reasons; the first one is that some of our discoveries will not be refuted. Some of facts, in particular, laws of physics, math and chemistry seem to reflect the laws of the universe itself and thus they never change. For instance, five minus two is three and molecule of water have two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, moreover, we may take a look at astronomy again, for example, today we know that our planet is orbiting the star, that it is the third planet from the sun and so on. Those facts mirror the reality and thus it is highly doubtful that they have ever be altered. Consequently, if some of the pieces of information are true, the claim is mistaken.
Furthermore, the scientists accumulate knowledge, they collect it by pieces and with each new discovery they make their model more precise and accurate. From this viewpoint, author of the claim exaggerates the degree of uncertainty. For instance, the model of solar system as Galileo presented it to the Church consists only of 4 planets, and then other astronomers added new celestial objects to it and with each new piece of the mosaic added to the scheme it become better and more correct. In the same vein, the scholars work in other fields of the science. Consequently, although a piece of information may be inaccurate, it represents the reality at least partly.
In conclusion, although I agree with the reason that some of information which used to be considered as correct has been proven to be inaccurate, I disagree that we ought to distrust to any fact because some of facts are axiomatic and thus must be trusted; moreover, science accumulates the knowledge and each fact represents a part of reality at least partly and thus can be trusted till more accurate data is available.
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Comments
Hello.
Hello.
I keep repeating the same mistake with introduction and conclusion. They indeed are similar to each other.
- There is a question: What should I write in an introduction? I assume that I ought to write the theme (paraphrase the prompt) and state my stance about it.
-The second question: may say that I disagree with the issue and reasons of my stance will be discussed in more details below? I mean that textbooks recommend to write about content of the whole essay. Is it mandatory?
Thank you for your comments.
for your question 1: Your
for your question 1: Your introduction has no problems. The problem is the conclusion. Look at following samples for introduction and conclusion:
Introduction samples:
sample 1:
I agree with the speaker's broad assertion that money spent on research is generally well invested. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace research whose results are "controversial," while ignoring certain compelling reasons why some types of research might be unjustifiable. My points of contention with the speaker involve the fundamental objectives and nature of research, as discussed below.
sample 2:
There is much debate over the universal issues whether or not tradition and modernization are incompatible. Some people may claim that they necessarily conflict with each other, while others argue that the two are not mutually exclusive. Insofar as I can think, the best way is to coordinate them and exert their own advantages for contemporary society.
sample 3:
Explosive development of science and technology has been made during the past one hundred years or so. When it comes to progress of the condition of humanity all over the world, there are always a host of different opinions held by different individuals from different areas. Have, you may wonder, the technology developments or innovations contributed to promoting our humanity? Admittedly, most people would consider that there are still so many troubles with us such as poverty, violence, conflicts and even wars. However, as a whole effect in general, technology progress has in fact, tend to lead to a significant promotion of the overall condition of humanity in the world.
sample 4:
What are the limits of our duty to save endangered species from extinction? The statement raises a variety of issues about morality, conscience, self-preservation, and economics. On balance, however, I fundamentally agree with the notion that humans need not make "extraordinary" efforts--at the expense of money and jobs--to ensure the preservation of any endangered species.
conclusion samples:
sample 1:
To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide more evidence concerning the percentage of the affected families and their geographical distribution.
sample 2:
In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and misleading...
sample 3:
In conclusion, the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between …To strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide evidence that …To better evaluate the argument, we would need more information about …
sample 4:
As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To make it logically acceptable, the arguer would have to demonstrate that … is the only condition that …Additionally, the arguer must provide evidence to rule out other possible causes of the …
for your question 2: It is not mandatory.
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Some pattern sentences for introduction:
1. The arguer may be right about…, but he seems to neglect(fail) to mention (take into account) the fact that….
2. Although many people believe that… , I doubt (wonder) whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination).
3. It would be possible (natural/reasonable) to think (believe/take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that…
4. A close (careful) inspection (examination/scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless/fallacious) it is.
5. However just (logical/sound/valid) this argument maybe, it only skims the surface of the problem.
Some pattern sentences for conclusion:
1. From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors/ Judging from all evidence offered), we may draw (reach/come to /arrive at) the conclusion that…
2. It is high time that we place (lay/put) great (special/consideration) emphasis on the improvement (development/increase/promotion) of….
3. There is no easy (immediate/effective) solution (approach/answer/remedy) to the problem of…,but ….might be useful (helpful/beneficial).
4. Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the payoff will be worth the effort.
5. For these reasons, I strongly recommend that….
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You may not use those pattern sentences/samples in exams, just for your reference , because those examiners don't like them.
Thank you very much. I will
Thank you very much. I will use them.
The arguments: OK
flaws:
The conclusion is duplicated to the introduction. for example, you can move the conclusion to the introduction, and there is no difference.
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Attribute Value Ideal
Score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 521 350
No. of Characters: 2409 1500
No. of Different Words: 235 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.778 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.624 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.57 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 156 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 117 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 84 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 52 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 28.944 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 20.302 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.833 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.302 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.508 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.079 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5