In the lecture, the speaker presents a comprehensive rebuttal to the reading passage's suggested strategies for mitigating the rising salinity in California's Salton Sea. Although the reading passage enumerates three potential solutions, the lecturer provides compelling evidence that these proposals are flawed and may not be feasible.
The first solution offered by the reading passage proposes the utilization of desalination facilities for direct salt removal from the lake. While this strategy might ostensibly appear to be a promising approach, the lecturer refutes it by elucidating the significant health risks that come with the operation of desalination plants. The solid materials left behind by desalination are not only composed of salt but also incorporate other chemicals, including toxic substances like selenium. If these are released into the air and subsequently inhaled by humans, the public health repercussions could be substantial.
The second proposed solution in the reading passage involves using seawater to dilute the lake's salinity. While the lecturer concedes that this could reduce salinity, he points out the financial implications. Given that the nearest Pacific Ocean shoreline is 100 kilometers away, constructing pipelines or canals for the water transfer would demand a vast amount of resources, which could be prohibitive for local government budgets.
Finally, the reading passage suggests controlling the lake's salinity by partitioning the lake into different sections. However, the lecturer posits that this plan is unlikely to be successful due to the region's significant geological activity. The prevalence of earthquakes could lead to the destruction of the dividing walls, causing the sections with higher salinity to mix with the main, lower-salinity section, and making this solution only temporary.
- TPO 54 The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake The level of salt in the lake s water what scientists call its salinity has been increasing steadily for years because the lake s water is evaporating faster than it is being repla 90
- TPO 54 The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake The level of salt in the lake s water what scientists call its salinity has been increasing steadily for years because the lake s water is evaporating faster than it is being repla 76
- Genetic modification a process used to change an organism 039 s genes and hence its characteristics is now being used to improve trees Through genetic modification it is possible to create trees that produce more fruit grow faster or withstand adve 70
- Every year forest fires and severe stormscause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging which is the practice of removing dead trees from affecte 60
- Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of so 71
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 91, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lakes'' or 'lake's'?
Suggestion: lakes'; lake's
...e involves using seawater to dilute the lakes salinity. While the lecturer concedes t...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 55, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lakes'' or 'lake's'?
Suggestion: lakes'; lake's
...eading passage suggests controlling the lakes salinity by partitioning the lake into ...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, may, second, so, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1583.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 271.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.84132841328 5.08290768461 115% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.05734859645 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.01890576592 2.5805825403 117% => OK
Unique words: 171.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.630996309963 0.540411800872 117% => OK
syllable_count: 502.2 419.366225166 120% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.9 1.55342163355 122% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.0395099013 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 131.916666667 110.228320801 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.5833333333 21.698381199 104% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.16666666667 7.06452816374 73% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.323774206375 0.272083759551 119% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.101557564657 0.0996497079465 102% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0708958301596 0.0662205650399 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.175970789458 0.162205337803 108% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0714703299922 0.0443174109184 161% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.4 13.3589403974 130% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 23.77 53.8541721854 44% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 11.0289183223 140% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 16.89 12.2367328918 138% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 10.79 8.42419426049 128% => OK
difficult_words: 104.0 63.6247240618 163% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 12.5 10.7273730684 117% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 91, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lakes'' or 'lake's'?
Suggestion: lakes'; lake's
...e involves using seawater to dilute the lakes salinity. While the lecturer concedes t...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 55, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lakes'' or 'lake's'?
Suggestion: lakes'; lake's
...eading passage suggests controlling the lakes salinity by partitioning the lake into ...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, may, second, so, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1583.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 271.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.84132841328 5.08290768461 115% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.05734859645 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.01890576592 2.5805825403 117% => OK
Unique words: 171.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.630996309963 0.540411800872 117% => OK
syllable_count: 502.2 419.366225166 120% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.9 1.55342163355 122% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.0395099013 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 131.916666667 110.228320801 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.5833333333 21.698381199 104% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.16666666667 7.06452816374 73% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.323774206375 0.272083759551 119% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.101557564657 0.0996497079465 102% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0708958301596 0.0662205650399 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.175970789458 0.162205337803 108% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0714703299922 0.0443174109184 161% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.4 13.3589403974 130% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 23.77 53.8541721854 44% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 11.0289183223 140% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 16.89 12.2367328918 138% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 10.79 8.42419426049 128% => OK
difficult_words: 104.0 63.6247240618 163% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 12.5 10.7273730684 117% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.