All students should be required to take the driver's education course at Centerville high school. In the past two years, several accidents in and around Centerville have involved teenage drivers. Since a number of parents in Centerville have complained that they are too busy to teach their teenagers to drive, some other instruction is necessary to ensure that these teenagers are safe drivers. Although there are two driving schools in Centerville, parents on a tight budget cannot afford to pay for driving instruction. Therefore an effective and mandatory program sponsored by the high school is the only solution to this serious problem.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
Unfortunately, many teenagers are involved with accidents in Centerville. School administrations think teaching their students is the only solution to reduce it, but their conclusion contains three unproved hypotheses: they assume that teenagers related to accidents are their students. Moreover, they presume that their curriculum forces students to drive safely. Moreover, they also assume that students are the only reason of accidents related to students themselves.
First, the letter assumes that every teenage drivers who have involved with accidents around Centerville is a student of Centerville High School. Based on this assumption, the passage conclude that driving instruction sponsored by the high school can reduce accidents in and around Centerville. This assumption can be invalidated when, for example, most of the teenages involved with accidents are not students of Centerville High School or not residents of Centerville. In that case, their solution cannot bar teenage drivers to involve accidents.
Second, the letter also presumes that their teaching forces teenagers to drive safe. This assumption leads to the conclusion that a mandatory driver's education course reduces accidents involved with teenagers. However, it is also possible that teenage drivers intend to violate rules for safe drive intentionally, even when they know it, possibly for their fun. In this case, teaching them could not reduce the accidents related to teenagers.
Third, the passage is also based on the assumption that the reason of accidents related to teenagers ascribes the juvenile drivers. Therefore, they conclude that they have to teach teenagers, not other drivers. However, teenagers could not the reason of accidents associated with them. For example, teenage drivers do not know how to violate rules "well" unlike adult drivers, like violating speed rules over speed-restricted roads, so teenagers are involved with accidents. In this case, we need to teach adult drivers, not teenage drivers, and teaching the latter will not be successful.<br>
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 17 15
No. of Words: 310 350
No. of Characters: 1703 1500
No. of Different Words: 132 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.196 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.494 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.738 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 137 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 112 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 80 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 50 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 18.235 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.549 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.647 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.383 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.565 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.141 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 367, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Two successive sentences begin with the same adverb. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...iculum forces students to drive safely. Moreover, they also assume that students are the...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 143, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'drivers'' or 'driver's'?
Suggestion: drivers'; driver's
...eads to the conclusion that a mandatory drivers education course reduces accidents invo...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, moreover, second, so, therefore, third, well, for example
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 19.6327345309 56% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 12.9520958084 54% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 11.1786427146 36% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 13.6137724551 103% => OK
Pronoun: 36.0 28.8173652695 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 38.0 55.5748502994 68% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 16.3942115768 49% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1764.0 2260.96107784 78% => OK
No of words: 309.0 441.139720559 70% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.70873786408 5.12650576532 111% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1926597562 4.56307096286 92% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.92969108088 2.78398813304 105% => OK
Unique words: 137.0 204.123752495 67% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.443365695793 0.468620217663 95% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 540.0 705.55239521 77% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.76447105788 46% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 22.8473053892 79% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 44.0495160199 57.8364921388 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 103.764705882 119.503703932 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.1764705882 23.324526521 78% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.94117647059 5.70786347227 87% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 6.88822355289 145% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.67664670659 64% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.258822601418 0.218282227539 119% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0999556840598 0.0743258471296 134% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.10288641975 0.0701772020484 147% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.175002591641 0.128457276422 136% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.121523640437 0.0628817314937 193% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.6 14.3799401198 102% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.75 48.3550499002 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 12.197005988 94% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 15.54 12.5979740519 123% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.0 8.32208582834 96% => OK
difficult_words: 68.0 98.500998004 69% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 12.3882235529 69% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 11.1389221557 83% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.