The following appeared in an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist.
"Twenty years ago, Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research of mine proves that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture is invalid and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid as well. The interview-centered method that my team of graduate students is currently using in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures."
In the article written by Dr. Karp an anthropologist, he argues that on the island of Tertia children are reared by an entire village rather by their own biological parents. However, Dr. Karp's suggestion that interview-centered method is superior to observation method seems convincing at first, but on further inspection, the argument is found to be rife with holes and assumptions, and thus not good enough to prove that interview centered method can establish more accurate understanding as compared to observation centered approach.
Firstly, it is mentioned in the article that Dr. Field's study was conducted twenty years ago, and it is a very long time and many cultural changes could happen on the island of Tertia in the span of twenty years. It is possible that many cultural changes have happened in Tertia and now, the children are being raised by their parents instead of the whole community. Dr. Karp needs to take this into account instead of invalidating the study done by Dr. Field.
Additionally, another piece of evidence that we need is the types of questions that were asked to the children in the interviews. It could be possible that children were asked questions more specifically about their parents and answers to them cannot exclude them. Also, we need to know more about the answers that were given by the students. If they are mentioning their parents more because they are missing them because they are busy in their work or they are unhappy about their parents decision of raising them communally, that could subvert the author’s argument substantially.
Moreover, disregarding the observation-centered approach completely in favor of interview-centered approach is a very strong assertion and needs much more support than provided by the author. It is possible that Dr. Field’s study was not very precise but this could hardly justify disregarding this approach completely to study cultures of islands. Dr. Karp needs to provide more information about previously conducted observation-centered studies and interview-centered studies before making any such claims.
Thus, from the above arguments it is clear that additional evidences are needed in order to get complete understanding of strengths and weaknesses of Dr. Karp’s argument. Making mere claims without supporting evidences makes his argument only weaker.
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- Windmill 3
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- In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports swimming boating and fishing among their favorite recreational activities The Mason River flowing through the city is rarely used for these pursuits however and the city park department devotes little of i 78
- Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals Altruism is the opposite of selfishness individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves Examples of altruism ab 86
Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 9 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 3 2
No. of Sentences: 14 15
No. of Words: 371 350
No. of Characters: 1947 1500
No. of Different Words: 187 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.389 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.248 4.6
Word Length SD: 3.074 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 142 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 112 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 75 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 44 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 26.5 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 10.649 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.5 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.351 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.641 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.14 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, however, if, moreover, regarding, so, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 24.0 19.6327345309 122% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.9520958084 62% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 11.1786427146 107% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 13.6137724551 88% => OK
Pronoun: 39.0 28.8173652695 135% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 52.0 55.5748502994 94% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 16.3942115768 79% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1996.0 2260.96107784 88% => OK
No of words: 371.0 441.139720559 84% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.38005390836 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.38877662729 4.56307096286 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.14784871744 2.78398813304 113% => OK
Unique words: 192.0 204.123752495 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.517520215633 0.468620217663 110% => OK
syllable_count: 603.0 705.55239521 85% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 4.96107784431 141% => OK
Article: 2.0 8.76447105788 23% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 19.7664670659 71% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 70.9579136545 57.8364921388 123% => OK
Chars per sentence: 142.571428571 119.503703932 119% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.5 23.324526521 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.92857142857 5.70786347227 86% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 5.25449101796 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 8.20758483034 24% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.250457225896 0.218282227539 115% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0940574033954 0.0743258471296 127% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.129398427234 0.0701772020484 184% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.13414474208 0.128457276422 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.102577083855 0.0628817314937 163% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.2 14.3799401198 120% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.09 48.3550499002 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 12.197005988 110% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.22 12.5979740519 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.5 8.32208582834 102% => OK
difficult_words: 84.0 98.500998004 85% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 19.0 12.3882235529 153% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.