As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.
One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.
A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.
A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.
The discussion is what is the probable purpose of the "great houses" , which is a massive stone building that contains hundreds of rooms and often three and four stories high. The author of reading gives three competing theories of the use of the building, but the lecturer casts doubt on these theories.
The first theory the author gives claims that the building is used for the residential way, providing hundreds of people to dwell. By contrast, the lecturer argues that the evidence is not strong enough to prove its function since the proportion of fireplaces and residents is distinctively too low.
The next theory believes the Chaco structure and the size of the great house was used to store food supply, because the maize, which could be stored for long periods without any cooking, was the main crops of the Chaco people and should be stored somewhere. However, this seemingly plausible argument is critically repudiated by the lecturer’s account from some evidence that no maize has been found in the excavated relic and even no granule of maize has been discovered in the floor of the great house.
Last theory’s statement that the buildings were used to be a ceremonial center depends on the discover of the enormous mound containing innumerable of broken pots near one of the house, which indicates there is a special ceremony here. Even so, the lecturer still stands in stark opposition to this theory. He consider that if it truly was a ceremonial center, it needed other things to appear rather than only pots. Therefore, he prefers the buildings were a region of placing trash to a ceremonial center and pots are also common of regular trash.
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| 2023-11-16 | TiOluwani97 | 87 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 79, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... purpose of the 'great houses' , which is a massive stone building that ...
^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ecturer casts doubt on these theories. The first theory the author gives claims th...
^^^
Line 4, column 91, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...ed to be a ceremonial center depends on the discover of the enormous mound containing innume...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 310, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'He' must be used with a third-person verb: 'considers'.
Suggestion: considers
... in stark opposition to this theory. He consider that if it truly was a ceremonial cente...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, so, still, therefore, well, even so
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 10.4613686534 182% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1399.0 1373.03311258 102% => OK
No of words: 282.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 4.9609929078 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09790868904 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.60603042452 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 169.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.599290780142 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 427.5 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 28.0 21.2450331126 132% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 60.638601567 49.2860985944 123% => OK
Chars per sentence: 139.9 110.228320801 127% => OK
Words per sentence: 28.2 21.698381199 130% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.6 7.06452816374 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.187701759332 0.272083759551 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0688401741831 0.0996497079465 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0977758296098 0.0662205650399 148% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.115168495535 0.162205337803 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0932497773064 0.0443174109184 210% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.0 13.3589403974 120% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 51.52 53.8541721854 96% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 11.0289183223 118% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.78 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.78 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.2 10.498013245 126% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.