Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The article states that dinosaurs are endotherms and provide three reasons of support. However, the professor explains that many scientists have problem with this idea in cannot prove this and refutes each of the author's reasons.
First, the reading claims that the fossil of the dinosaurs are found in Polar Regions and only if they could maintain in a temperature well above their environment they could survive and so they were endotherms. The professor refutes this point by saying that the environment where the fossils are found were warmer in that days and so they could live in that warm place. He states that it is possible that they migrated to warmer places and they could hibernate.
Second, the article posits that the legs of endotherm animals are underneath their body so as the dinosaurs. However, the professor says that it is not necessarily for help them to be more active. Dinosaurs were really heavy and to move their large body, they need a strong leg beneath their body .According to professor they have the leg under their body cannot prove that they were endotherm.
Third, The reading says that the bone structure of the dinosaurs are like endotherm and it includes Haversian canals and the presence of them can prove the idea that they were endotherm. The professor opposes this point by explaining that they may had haversian canals but it is for helping them to grow faster or slower or also to stop that.We also learn the dinosaurs could grow fast in cool areas.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-21 | liboooyang | 81 | view |
| 2020-01-04 | Tharwat | 83 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | savikx | 66 | view |
| 2019-12-18 | TEJAS PATIL | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-14 | fafar | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 296, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...hey need a strong leg beneath their body .According to professor they have the leg...
^^
Line 3, column 298, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: According
...y need a strong leg beneath their body .According to professor they have the leg under th...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 342, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: We
...w faster or slower or also to stop that.We also learn the dinosaurs could grow fas...
^^
Discourse Markers used:
['also', 'but', 'first', 'however', 'if', 'may', 'really', 'second', 'so', 'third', 'well']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.200729927007 0.261695866417 77% => OK
Verbs: 0.189781021898 0.158904122519 119% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0510948905109 0.0723426182421 71% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0693430656934 0.0435111971325 159% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0875912408759 0.0277247811725 316% => OK
Prepositions: 0.127737226277 0.128828473217 99% => OK
Participles: 0.021897810219 0.0370669169778 59% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.36158578128 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Infinitives: 0.021897810219 0.0208969081088 105% => OK
Particles: 0.0 0.00154638098197 0% => OK
Determiners: 0.109489051095 0.128158765124 85% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0328467153285 0.0158828679856 207% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.0036496350365 0.0114777025283 32% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1492.0 1645.83664459 91% => OK
No of words: 256.0 271.125827815 94% => OK
Chars per words: 5.828125 6.08160592843 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0 4.04852973271 99% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.3125 0.374372842146 83% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.23046875 0.287516216867 80% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.15234375 0.187439937562 81% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.11328125 0.113142543107 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.36158578128 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 126.0 145.348785872 87% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.4921875 0.539623497131 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
Word variations: 46.092925172 53.8517498576 86% => OK
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0529801325 77% => OK
Sentence length: 25.6 21.7502111507 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 49.6084670192 49.3711431718 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 149.2 132.220823453 113% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.6 21.7502111507 118% => OK
Discourse Markers: 1.1 0.878197800319 125% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 3.39072847682 88% => OK
Readability: 48.646875 50.5018328374 96% => OK
Elegance: 1.01052631579 1.90840788429 53% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.300115006819 0.549887131256 55% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.157315304876 0.142949733639 110% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.100469562832 0.0787303798458 128% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.690051341441 0.631733273073 109% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.129820842374 0.139662658121 93% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.163444275167 0.266732575781 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.067291518546 0.103435571967 65% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.387824021758 0.414875509568 93% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0288779926427 0.0530846634433 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.216868865447 0.40443939384 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0148815725747 0.0528353158467 28% => The ideas may be duplicated in paragraphs.
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.26048565121 23% => More neutral sentences wanted.
Positive topic words: 8.0 3.49668874172 229% => OK
Negative topic words: 1.0 3.62251655629 28% => More negative topic words wanted.
Neutral topic words: 1.0 3.1766004415 31% => OK
Total topic words: 10.0 10.2958057395 97% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.