Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The article states that the dinosaurs are endotherm according to considerable evidences. However, The author feels that dinosours are not endotherms and refute each of the author reason mention in article.
First, The reading states that the dinosaur fossils have been discovered in polar regions where temprature is low. The speaker do not disagrees that their presence in polar region, but he refutes the point by saying that the dinosours could have been migrated to warmer region when there is serious cold in the area.
Second, The reading posits that their is a connection between endothermy and position as well as movement of the legs. The speaker again disagrees with this claim and he says that their is no connection between endothermy and running. he states that their is no high energetic endotherms present since the dinosaurs holds more weight due to their large physical size so they could not able to run fastly.
Third, The reading holds the reason that there ia also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. again, the speaker opposes the statement by saying that the dinosaur has rapid growth and those animal who grows rapidly are not considred as endotherms. To support this, he states that the growth rings are responsible for thickening of bones and it takes place during the cooler season.
To sum up, The author and spekar holds conflicting views on the endothermy of dinosaur. it is clear that their no common ground on this issue.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-21 | liboooyang | 81 | view |
| 2020-01-04 | Tharwat | 83 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | savikx | 66 | view |
| 2019-12-18 | TEJAS PATIL | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-14 | fafar | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 135, Rule ID: DONT_NEEDS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'disagree'?
Suggestion: disagree
...e temprature is low. The speaker do not disagrees that their presence in polar region, bu...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 33, Rule ID: THEIR_IS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'there'?
Suggestion: there
...area. Second, The reading posits that their is a connection between endothermy and ...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 181, Rule ID: THEIR_IS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'there'?
Suggestion: there
...agrees with this claim and he says that their is no connection between endothermy and...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 236, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
...nection between endothermy and running. he states that their is no high energetic ...
^^
Line 5, column 251, Rule ID: THEIR_IS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'there'?
Suggestion: there
... endothermy and running. he states that their is no high energetic endotherms present...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 108, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Again
... between endothermy and bone structure. again, the speaker opposes the statement by s...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 310, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...rt this, he states that the growth rings are responsible for thickening of bones ...
^^
Line 9, column 89, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...ng views on the endothermy of dinosaur. it is clear that their no common ground on...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, second, so, third, well, as well as, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1233.0 1373.03311258 90% => OK
No of words: 245.0 270.72406181 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.03265306122 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.95632099841 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48418236364 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 135.0 145.348785872 93% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.551020408163 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 367.2 419.366225166 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.6101161037 49.2860985944 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 102.75 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.4166666667 21.698381199 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.08333333333 7.06452816374 86% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.127645011152 0.272083759551 47% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0491480364009 0.0996497079465 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0341356988911 0.0662205650399 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0722365537678 0.162205337803 45% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0290438135992 0.0443174109184 66% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.89 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.17 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 55.0 63.6247240618 86% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.