Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold.
Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modern reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is, in fact, a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The reading and the lecture are both about Endotherms. The author of the reading feels that dinosaurs are endotherms and he provides three reasons for support. The lecture challenges the claims made by the author. He is of the opinion that dinosaurs are not endotherms and this argument does not prove and he refutes each of the author's reasons.
To begin with, the author argues that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in polar region and only endotherms can live there because of their temperature. This specific argument is challenged by the lecture. He claims that polar region was warmer in the past than today Additionally, he says dinosaur can hibernate or migrate to warm places.
In addition, the writer states that the dinosaur's legs are underneath their body so they can help them in the movement and only endotherms allow physical activity. The lecture, However, rebuts this by mentioning that the place of the leg wether is underneath or inside not necessary He elaborates on this by bringing up the point that dinosaurs have high energy for running and their legs support more weight. Furthermore, she says we do not need this idea to explain dinosaurs are endotherms
Finally, the author posits that only endotherms have Haversian canals and these canals discovered in dinosaurs fossils.In contrast, the lecture's opinion that they found growth ring in dinosaurs fossils which indicate rapid growth. He notes that these rings in dinosaurs showed that dinosaurs grow more slowly or stop the growth and this will not happen in endotherms.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-21 | liboooyang | 81 | view |
| 2020-01-04 | Tharwat | 83 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | savikx | 66 | view |
| 2019-12-18 | TEJAS PATIL | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-14 | fafar | 80 | view |
- tpo9Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 70
- Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold.Because dinosaurs were 83
Grammar and spelling errors:
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The reading and the lecture are both abo...
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Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... he provides three reasons for support. The lecture challenges the claims made by t...
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...futes each of the authors reasons. To begin with, the author argues that di...
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...bernate or migrate to warm places. In addition, the writer states that the ...
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...a to explain dinosaurs are endotherms Finally, the author posits that only...
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... canals discovered in dinosaurs fossils.In contrast, the lectures opinion that the...
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Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lectures'' or 'lecture's'?
Suggestion: lectures'; lecture's
...d in dinosaurs fossils.In contrast, the lectures opinion that they found growth ring in ...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, furthermore, however, if, so, in addition, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 34.0 22.412803532 152% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1320.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 255.0 270.72406181 94% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.17647058824 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.99608801488 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57535117593 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.525490196078 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 399.6 419.366225166 95% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 80.0804347707 49.2860985944 162% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.0 110.228320801 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.1818181818 21.698381199 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.54545454545 7.06452816374 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.147284324936 0.272083759551 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0594451659012 0.0996497079465 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0453484426152 0.0662205650399 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0951881118742 0.162205337803 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0175862402388 0.0443174109184 40% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.6 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.06 12.2367328918 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.43 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.2008830022 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.