Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
The reading passage and lecture have conflicting opinions about wether or not new arrangement and policies are essential for handling and storing coal ash. The article strongly postulates that experienced people who works in power companies argued that new rules and policies are unnecessary and could lead to bad consequences. On the other hand, the listening adamantly delinates that new strict rules and polices have to declared by the government for handling and storing coal ash.
First and foremost, according to the author of the exerpt, power companies are using a special material liner in order protect the underground water from being exposed to coal ash. Also, these companies persist that regulation exists. Nonetheless, the lecture offsets these points by declaring that regulations such as, using liner is not an effective way to protect the environment from coal ash. furthermore, this material has to be used when new pond is built in order to prevent the oil from the leaking to the soil and pollute the underground water.
The professor in lecture further points out that these new arrangement for handling and storing coal for sure, will not discourage companies from storing coal ash. For instance, a company called "Mercury" is subjected to strict rules for 50 years and still recycling coal ash. These claims refute the writer implication of how these strict rules will effect individuals and companies from recycling coal ash.
The article lastly asserts that strict regulation would rise the costs for power company, thereby increasing the electricity bill ten times. The speaker in the lecture counters these points by insisting that establishing the new regulation will cost the government 50 billion , but it's worthwhile. However, the electricity bill will not increase that much only 1%.
- Hail—pieces of ice that form and fall from clouds instead of snow or rain—has always been a problem for farmers in some areas of the United States. Hail pellets can fall with great force and destroy crops in the field. Over the last few decades, a met 73
- Glass is a favored building material for modern architecture, yet it is also very dangerous for wild birds. Because they often cannot distinguish between glass and open air, millions of birds are harmed every year when they try to fly through glass window 60
- The ability to maintain friendships with a small number of people over a long period of time is more important for happiness than the ability to make many new friends easily. 70
- In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, 70
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today. 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 399, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Furthermore
... protect the environment from coal ash. furthermore, this material has to be used when new ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 362, Rule ID: AFFECT_EFFECT[6]
Message: Did you mean 'affect'?
Suggestion: affect
...lication of how these strict rules will effect individuals and companies from recyclin...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 276, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...tion will cost the government 50 billion , but its worthwhile. However, the electr...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, however, lastly, nonetheless, so, still, while, as to, for instance, such as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 7.30242825607 192% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1548.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 289.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.35640138408 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12310562562 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80127370384 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.519031141869 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 463.5 419.366225166 111% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.2215500347 49.2860985944 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 119.076923077 110.228320801 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.2307692308 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.69230769231 7.06452816374 137% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0332707547973 0.272083759551 12% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0141872349205 0.0996497079465 14% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0216962870627 0.0662205650399 33% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0218563436372 0.162205337803 13% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0155680027237 0.0443174109184 35% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.9 13.3589403974 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.1 12.2367328918 115% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.72 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.5 10.7273730684 135% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.2008830022 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.