The Phoenicians
The Phoenicians were an ancient civilization that emerged in the eastern Mediterranean around 1500 BCE. They were known for their seafaring skills and played a significant role in trade and commerce. While some historians have suggested that the Phoenicians may have circumnavigated (sailed all the way around) Africa, there are several compelling reasons why this is unlikely.
Firstly, the Phoenicians mostly used their ships to trade along coastal areas. While they were skilled sailors, their ships were not designed for long-distance voyages in the open ocean. They were small and made of wood, with limited room for cargo and navigational equipment. It is doubtful that these ships could have withstood the powerful currents and storms that would have been encountered on a voyage all the way around Africa.
Secondly, the geography of the African continent would have presented significant obstacles to any sailors attempting to navigate it. The Cape of Good Hope, located at the southern tip of Africa, is notorious for its strong currents and unpredictable weather. Even modern-day ships must be very careful when passing through this region. Given the limited navigational equipment available to the Phoenicians, it is unlikely that they would have attempted to cross these dangerous waters.
Finally, there is no real historical evidence to suggest that the Phoenicians ever completed this journey. All surviving records from the era indicate that they were primarily interested in establishing trade routes and colonies in the Mediterranean and Red Seas. There are no surviving records or artifacts that clearly prove that the Phoenicians ever attempted to circumnavigate Africa.
The article and the lecture are about whether or not the Phoenicians circumnavigated Africa. While the author of the reading argues that the Phoenicians could not have undertaken such a voyage, the lecturer believes that they were capable of completing this journey.
First, the author argues that the Phoenician ships were small and made of wood, and lacked navigational equipment. The article states that they would not have been able to withstand the powerful currents and storms of the open ocean. However, the lecturer’s counterargument is that the Phoenician ships were surprisingly sturdy and well-equipped for long voyages. Their wooden hulls were reinforced with metal plates that made them extremely durable, and Phoenician sailors were skilled in repairing and maintaining their ships while at sea.
Secondly, the author argues that the Cape of Good Hope, located at the southern tip of Africa, is well-known for its strong currents and unpredictable weather, making it a challenging region for navigation. In contrast, the lecturer argues that the Phoenicians were skilled navigators who were able to use the stars and other natural landmarks to navigate the open ocean. Additionally, since the Phoenicians set up trading posts along the West African coast, they could have learned about the local geography and currents from residents.
Finally, the article notes that there are no surviving records or artifacts that clearly prove that the Phoenicians ever attempted to circumnavigate Africa. However, the lecturer points to indirect historical records like ancient Egyptian drawings that seem to depict Phoenician ships passing along the coast of North Africa. He also mentions texts by ancient Greek historians that refer to Phoenician sailors completing a voyage around the continent.
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|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-09-04 | madinaaaaaaaaaa | 80 | view |
| 2023-09-04 | madinaaaaaaaaaa | 80 | view |
| 2023-09-04 | madinaaaaaaaaaa | 80 | view |
| 2023-06-07 | Vivian Chang | 80 | view |
| 2023-06-07 | Vivian Chang | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 39, Rule ID: WHETHER[7]
Message: Perhaps you can shorten this phrase to just 'whether'. It is correct though if you mean 'regardless of whether'.
Suggestion: whether
The article and the lecture are about whether or not the Phoenicians circumnavigated Africa....
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, however, if, second, secondly, so, well, while, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1536.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 277.0 270.72406181 102% => OK
Chars per words: 5.54512635379 5.08290768461 109% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07962216107 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.85968434896 2.5805825403 111% => OK
Unique words: 156.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.563176895307 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 459.0 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 31.4045069306 49.2860985944 64% => OK
Chars per sentence: 128.0 110.228320801 116% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.0833333333 21.698381199 106% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.75 7.06452816374 96% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.298971458858 0.272083759551 110% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.109761899562 0.0996497079465 110% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0501111601396 0.0662205650399 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.182538354726 0.162205337803 113% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0411500517098 0.0443174109184 93% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.3 13.3589403974 122% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 39.67 53.8541721854 74% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 15.21 12.2367328918 124% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.05 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.