Pterosaurs
The reading passage and listening material both discuss whether the pterosaurs are capable of powered flight. The author gives several ideas which the professor doesn't agree with.
First, the passage argues that the pterosaurs may be cold-blooded, which means that they have relatively low metabolism and not produce sufficient energy for flight. However, the professor mentions that the fossil excavated shows that the pterosaurs have dense hairs or covers, an obvious symbol of warm-blooded animal. So they can maintain the stable temperature internally regardless the change of external temperature. If the pterosaurs were warm-blooded, it would be possible for them to be provided with enough energy for them to fly.
Second, the professor states the weight of the pterosaurs, indicating that they can't flap their wings so quickly that they can support their heavy body to stay aloft in the air. Nevertheless, the professor says that the anatomy proves that the pterosaurs have special bones. Their bones are hollow insides instead of solid one, which means that they are light enough to let them be airborne just by flapping their wings.
Third, the author mention that almost all the animals with powered flight take off from the ground by using their legs or running to gain speed in order to flight. Conversely, this method doesn't work at pterosaurs as they have a weak back leg compared to their heavy body. Nonetheless, the professor states that there are difference of the way of taking off between the birds and pterosaurs. For the birds, they simply walk and run on only two legs. But for the dinosaurs, they utilize all of their four legs when they need to push off them from the ground rather than just using their back legs. The full usage of their legs give them sufficient power for them to run and jump into the air.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 163, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...gives several ideas which the professor doesnt agree with. First, the passage argu...
^^^^^^
Line 1, column 169, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...several ideas which the professor doesnt agree with. First, the passage argues...
^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...hich the professor doesnt agree with. First, the passage argues that the ptero...
^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ed with enough energy for them to fly. Second, the professor states the weight ...
^^
Line 3, column 83, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...of the pterosaurs, indicating that they cant flap their wings so quickly that they c...
^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...airborne just by flapping their wings. Third, the author mention that almost al...
^^
Line 4, column 190, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...rder to flight. Conversely, this method doesnt work at pterosaurs as they have a weak ...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 337, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ssor states that there are difference of the way of taking off between the birds ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, first, however, if, may, nevertheless, nonetheless, second, so, third
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 37.0 22.412803532 165% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1531.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 308.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 4.97077922078 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18926351222 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.45628631662 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 172.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.558441558442 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 447.3 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.4899341193 49.2860985944 70% => OK
Chars per sentence: 102.066666667 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.5333333333 21.698381199 95% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.73333333333 7.06452816374 81% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.174980913471 0.272083759551 64% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0753572692987 0.0996497079465 76% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0946159562839 0.0662205650399 143% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.130554662573 0.162205337803 80% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0669073559689 0.0443174109184 151% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.2 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.55 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.91 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.