Pterosaurs
In the lecture, it is said that the Pterosaurs was unable to fly in the ancient period. However, in the listening, the professor disagrees this idea with three reasons.
First, the reading passage states that the ancient Pterosaurs were cold-blooded as well as the modern reptiles, hence the slow rate of metablolism falied to provide the m with sufficient energy to fly. On the contrary, the speaker illustrates that as these Pterosaues had the dense and healthy covering, probably their fur, it is the feature of the warm-blooded animals. Also because the warm-blooded animals are able to preserve high temperature with their body even the external condition is cold, The plentiful supply of energy can enable them to fly in the sky.
Then, the reading concludes that Pterosaurs was so large that they were unable to flap theri wings quick enough to stay aloft at any time period. In contrast, the lecturer explains that the Pterosaurs had some anatomical features that can help them to fly. Because their bones were hollow, so they overall weight was still small despite their great body frames. Thus a small enough mass of the body can allow them to falp their wings.
Finally, the reading article maintains that Pterosaurs' back leg muscles were too small and weak to enable them to run fast or jump enough to take off themselves into their air. Then the instructor argues that there are some significant difference between the Pterosaurs and other birds. Although other birds normally have two legs walking on the ground to help them fly. The Pterosaurs used their overall four legs to help them take off from the ground, such as some of the modern animals in our life, which often use all their four legs to push off themselves. Hence there is no trouble for Pterosaurs to run fast and launch quilckly themselves into the air.
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- Pterosaurs 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 51, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... reading passage states that the ancient Pterosaurs were cold-blooded as well as ...
^^
Line 2, column 372, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
...he feature of the warm-blooded animals. Also because the warm-blooded animals are ab...
^^^^
Line 3, column 162, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...oft at any time period. In contrast, the lecturer explains that the Pterosaurs ha...
^^
Line 3, column 363, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
... small despite their great body frames. Thus a small enough mass of the body can all...
^^^^
Line 4, column 123, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...mall and weak to enable them to run fast or jump enough to take off themselves in...
^^
Line 4, column 288, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Although” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...between the Pterosaurs and other birds. Although other birds normally have two legs walk...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 463, Rule ID: SOME_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'some'.
Suggestion: some
... them take off from the ground, such as some of the modern animals in our life, which often...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 563, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...their four legs to push off themselves. Hence there is no trouble for Pterosaurs to r...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, hence, however, if, so, still, then, thus, well, in contrast, such as, as well as, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1523.0 1373.03311258 111% => OK
No of words: 313.0 270.72406181 116% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86581469649 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.20616286096 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.44990641905 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 169.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.539936102236 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 458.1 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 45.706305107 49.2860985944 93% => OK
Chars per sentence: 108.785714286 110.228320801 99% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.3571428571 21.698381199 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.57142857143 7.06452816374 121% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.257562281 0.272083759551 95% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.105961199202 0.0996497079465 106% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0981120156883 0.0662205650399 148% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.161839763759 0.162205337803 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0558113886333 0.0443174109184 126% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.7 13.3589403974 95% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.26 12.2367328918 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.96 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.