Despite the point made by the reading part that pterosaurs are not capable of powered flight, the professor casts doubts on that by listing the recent researches. She believes the arguments given by the author are not convincing any more.
In the first place, the reading section presents a viewpoint that the pterosaurs are cold-blooded, which means they wouldn’t be able to produce enough energy to power the flight. The professor, by contrast, argues that there are evidences which indicate that pterosaurs may be warm-blooded. This is because researchers find the pterosaurs are probably fur-covering which means they use furs to keep their body temperature. This behaviour is very similar to the modern warm-blooded animals, which means the pterosaurs may be able to produce enough energy to fly.
Another argument expressed by the professor is that the pterosaurs might manage to maintain a relatively light weight compare to their body size. Evidence has shown they are unusually light because their bones are not solid. It means it is possible for them to keep airborne by flapping wings.
Finally, the professor contradicts the reading's viewpoint that the pterosaurs are not able to take off from the ground by pointing out the difference between birds and pterosaurs. Birds only use two limbs when walking on the ground while pterosaurs use four limbs. Combined with the current research on the animals which use four limbs when walking while also being capable of flying, we can assume that pterosaurs can run fast and jump high enough to take off from the ground.
- TOEFL T P O 48 - Integrated Writing Task 3
- Frog 3
- Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered whether large pterosaurs were cap 78
- TOEFL T P O 48 - Integrated Writing Task 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 106, Rule ID: LIGHT_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'lightweight'?
Suggestion: lightweight
...s might manage to maintain a relatively light weight compare to their body size. Evidence ha...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 40, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'readings'' or 'reading's'?
Suggestion: readings'; reading's
... Finally, the professor contradicts the readings viewpoint that the pterosaurs are not a...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, if, may, so, while, in the first place
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1334.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 258.0 270.72406181 95% => OK
Chars per words: 5.17054263566 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00778971557 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.67236186502 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 140.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.542635658915 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 396.0 419.366225166 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 45.9120536098 49.2860985944 93% => OK
Chars per sentence: 111.166666667 110.228320801 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.5 21.698381199 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 7.06452816374 71% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.11902445508 0.272083759551 44% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.046366097119 0.0996497079465 47% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0275715956223 0.0662205650399 42% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.066756709361 0.162205337803 41% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0229872378725 0.0443174109184 52% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.71 12.2367328918 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.11 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.