Reading
Genetic modification, a process used to change an organism’s genes and hence its characteristics, is now being used to improve trees through genetic modification. It is possible to create trees that produce more fruit, grow faster, or withstand adverse conditions. Planting genetically modified trees on a large scale promises to bring a number of benefits.
First, genetically modified trees are designed to be hardier than nature trees; that is, they are more likely to survive than their unmodified counterparts. In Hawaii, for example, a new pest-resistant species of papaya trees has been developed in response to ring spot virus infections that have repeatedly damaged the native papaya tree population. Planting the genetically modified papayas has largely put an end to the ringspot problem.
Moreover, genetically modified trees promise to bring a number of economic benefits to those who grow them. Genetically modified trees tend to grow faster, give greater yields of food, fruit, or other products and be hardier. This allows tree farmer to get faster and greater returns on their farming investment and save on pesticides as well.
Finally, the use of genetically modified trees can prevent overexploitation of wild trees. Because of the growing demand for firewood and building timber, many forests around the world are being cut down faster than they can be replaced. Introducing genetically modified trees,designed for fast growth and high yield in given geographic conditions,would satisfy the demand for wood in many of those areas and save the endangered native trees, which often include unique or rare species.
Listening
Sure, there are some benefits to plant genetically modified trees, but, are these trees as really great as they first sound? When you examine the subject firstly, there are some serious problems and costs associated with genetically modified trees.
First, genetically modified trees may be resistant to one particular condition. But that doesn’t necessarily ensure their survival. You see, a typical non modified trees’ population is genetically diverse. That means that for most threatening conditions, or climate, whatever, there will be at least some individual tress of any given species of tree that are resistant. So even if most of one kind of trees are killed, those few resistant tress will survive and ensure the survival of that species of tree. But genetically modified trees are genetically much more uniform. So if they’re exposed to an environmental challenge they have not been designed for, they all die. So if the climate changes, the genetically modified trees will likely to be completely wiped out.
Now as to the second point, they’re hidden costs associated with genetically modified trees. You see, the company that genetically modify the tree can charge tree farmers more for its seeds than un- genetically modified trees would cost. Also, as you’ve grown the tree, you can’t just collect the seeds and plant the new tree for free. By law, you have to pay the company every time you plant.
And finally, genetically modified trees might actually cause even more damage to the local wild trees. You see, genetically modified trees often grow more aggressively than natural trees do. And, genetically modified trees are typically planted among natural trees. As a result, the genetically modified trees outcompete the native trees for resources, sunlight, soil, nutrients, and water, eventually crowding out the natural trees.
the article states that planting genetic modified trees has several benefits such as and provides three reasons for support. However the professor explains that it is partly true that there are advantages planting genetic modified tree but cause serious problems and refutes each the author's reasons.
first, the reading claims that genetic modified tree are more suseptible to survive than non-modifed trees. the professor opposes this point by saying that genetic modified tree may survive in one certain condition, but dose not ensure in other condition trees remain alive. according to the professor, non-modifed trees are genetically diverse and at least one tree in every speices is resist in contacting with harsh conditions. if especific population of one species killed, that resist one can survive.
second, the article posits that genetic modified trees have ecomonical benefication for farmers. in contrast, the professor says that change in environmental conditions, new pests and so on, not only can eleminate all kind of genetic modified trees, because these trees are resist against one especific condition nor several harsh environmental conditions, but also there are hide cost behind these situations. he also states that, farmers have to pay money to the companies which provided genetic modified trees for farmes every time they palnt.
third, the reading says that genetic modified trees save native trees from extinct and preclude overexploitation of wild trees. the professor cast doubt on this point by explaining that genetic modified trees cause more damage to native trees because of they cultivated among native and non-modified trees. this process by default leading to out competition among them, overuse of resources, and other damages.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-12-02 | change_gc | 85 | view |
| 2019-10-24 | alta | 90 | view |
| 2019-10-24 | alta | 90 | view |
| 2019-10-15 | maryam_torabi | 80 | view |
| 2019-09-27 | farshad_hom | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
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the article states that planting genetic m...
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the article states that planting genetic modified trees has seve...
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...and provides three reasons for support. However the professor explains that it is partl...
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...rofessor explains that it is partly true that there are advantages planting genet...
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...futes each the authors reasons. first, the reading claims that genetic modifi...
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...ible to survive than non-modifed trees. the professor opposes this point by saying ...
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... in other condition trees remain alive. according to the professor, non-modifed trees are...
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...ve ecomonical benefication for farmers. in contrast, the professor says that chang...
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...r farmes every time they palnt. third, the reading says that genetic modified...
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...reclude overexploitation of wild trees. the professor cast doubt on this point by e...
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...y explaining that genetic modified trees cause more damage to native trees becaus...
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...rees cause more damage to native trees because of they cultivated among native and non-modifie...
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...ed among native and non-modified trees. this process by default leading to out compe...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, may, second, so, third, at least, in contrast, kind of, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1524.0 1373.03311258 111% => OK
No of words: 272.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.60294117647 5.08290768461 110% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06108636974 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62481462519 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 152.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.558823529412 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 470.7 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 59.2951070681 49.2860985944 120% => OK
Chars per sentence: 127.0 110.228320801 115% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.6666666667 21.698381199 104% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.83333333333 7.06452816374 111% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 16.0 4.19205298013 382% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.160545599619 0.272083759551 59% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.075166409355 0.0996497079465 75% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0342799359803 0.0662205650399 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.111039327901 0.162205337803 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0186463138774 0.0443174109184 42% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.3 13.3589403974 122% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 40.69 53.8541721854 76% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.1 11.0289183223 119% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 15.5 12.2367328918 127% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.62 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.