Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.One problem is that a round-trip to Marsand back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problemsFinally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because if would add too much weight to the ship..
The text and the lecture are both about the challenges of sending humans to Mars. While the author of the reading states that it would be impossible due to an array of problems, the professor challenges all the points by suggesting solutions to all the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.
First of all, the lecturer suggests that hydroponics can provide food, water and oxygen to astronauts on long missions. She explains that hydroponics consist of growing plant´s roots on water instead of using soil, which can be achieved even in a small space like a spaceship. The professor suggests that by using the techniques of hydroponics the astronauts can cultivate their own food. Furthermore, the water can be the recycled through the evaporation and the plants would realise oxygen. Therefore, the astronauts would have continuous supply of all the essentials like food, water and oxygen.
Secondly, the professor argues that trained astronauts know several techniques to diminish the negative impact of a zero-gravity environment. According to the lecturer, regular exercise helps to increase muscle mass while consuming calcium helps to maintain bone density. As a result, the health problems mentioned in the reading such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density can be mitigated by using these techniques.
Finally, the lecturer contends that solar radiation is not dangerous all the time. She elaborates on this by mentioning that this radiation is only released occasionally and, if they have the right equipment they can diminish its negative impact on the astronauts. For instance, spaceships can include a small shelter and equipment that frequently monitors solar radiation. The small shelter would not increase the weight of the ship and the astronauts can stay in the shielded area when the equipment alerts about an increase of radiation.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-20 | f.jafary66@gmail.com | 80 | view |
| 2020-01-18 | naziii | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-07 | 3dra | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-27 | Amirreza97 | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-16 | jeffhjz | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 330, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...health problems mentioned in the reading such as decreased muscle mass and lower ...
^^
Line 7, column 322, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...aceships can include a small shelter and equipment that frequently monitors solar...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, furthermore, if, second, secondly, so, therefore, while, for instance, such as, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 5.04856512141 238% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1592.0 1373.03311258 116% => OK
No of words: 297.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.36026936027 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15134772569 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.83829796452 2.5805825403 110% => OK
Unique words: 156.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.525252525253 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 483.3 419.366225166 115% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 38.6433852618 49.2860985944 78% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.714285714 110.228320801 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.2142857143 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.64285714286 7.06452816374 122% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0214810948924 0.272083759551 8% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0102927223774 0.0996497079465 10% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0191621840802 0.0662205650399 29% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0142293445696 0.162205337803 9% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0113192533168 0.0443174109184 26% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.81 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.25 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.