Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The passage in the reading talks about a manned mission to Mars and specifies a number of problems that the writer thinks need to solved to achieve this feat. The lecturer, in her speech, talks about the solutions that are available currently to address the concerns raised in the passage.
Firstly, the writer in the passage raised the issue that the trip to Mars will last at least two years and the vehicle will require to carry necessary items like food, water and oxygen for this prolonnged journey . But the concern here is that the cargo capacity is limited for the vehicle. The lecturer addressed this issue by mentioning use of hydroplants, which have it roots in the water instead of soil. These plants can provide food for the astronauts in the mission, recycle waste water, absorb carbon dioxide and will provide the required oxygen. Thus, the need to carry extra food, water and oxygen will be eliminated.
Secondly, the writer says that, as the astronauts in the mission will stay a long time in a zero-grvaity environment, they will be faced with problems like decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. But the lecturer, however, refutes the point by saying that astronauts are living in the space stations that are orbiting the earth and developed technique to address this issue. She says that, astronauts have found that exercising regularly and taking calcium tablets can help to maintain muscle mass and the lessen the lowering of bone density.
Finally, the passage put forward that the astronauts will be exposed to harmful solar radiation during the journey to Mars. In addition, the writer says that making a shield is not possible now and it will increase the weight of the vehicle. The lecturer rebuts this point by saying that, the only gives solar radiation only occassionally. Thus, making instruments that can detect the incident of harmful solar radiation activity can help the astronauts be alert to take shelter in the a small protective case in the case of radiation. Other times, they can resume their normal life in the vehicle.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-07-16 | YasamanEsml | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 133, Rule ID: ALLOW_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'carrying'? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'require' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.
Suggestion: carrying
... two years and the vehicle will require to carry necessary items like food, water and ox...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 213, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...r and oxygen for this prolonnged journey . But the concern here is that the cargo ...
^^
Line 5, column 509, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...ts can help to maintain muscle mass and the lessen the lowering of bone density. Finall...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 483, Rule ID: DT_DT[1]
Message: Maybe you need to remove one determiner so that only 'the' or 'a' is left.
Suggestion: the; a
... astronauts be alert to take shelter in the a small protective case in the case of ra...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, firstly, however, if, second, secondly, so, thus, at least, in addition
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 5.04856512141 297% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1732.0 1373.03311258 126% => OK
No of words: 349.0 270.72406181 129% => OK
Chars per words: 4.96275071633 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.32221490584 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.44756271938 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 175.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.501432664756 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 530.1 419.366225166 126% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.7710261689 49.2860985944 95% => OK
Chars per sentence: 115.466666667 110.228320801 105% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.2666666667 21.698381199 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.13333333333 7.06452816374 87% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0632004286874 0.272083759551 23% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.02159378913 0.0996497079465 22% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0230695408443 0.0662205650399 35% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0410721307625 0.162205337803 25% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0170687681118 0.0443174109184 39% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.6 13.3589403974 102% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.78 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.62 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 85.0 63.6247240618 134% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.