Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Marsand back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because if would add too much weight to the ship.
The reading and the lecture discusses about sending people to mars for a roundtrip which takes around 2 years. The passage states three main problems that will be encountered in the travel mission to mars. The lecturer casts doubt on these viewpoints raised in the passage.
Firstly, the reading states the cargo capacity of the space vehicle is limited to carry food ,water and oxygen for two years making the tour impossible. The speaker challenges this statement. he posits that by using the hydroponics technique it is possible to grow plants in small amount of water thereby providing food. Likewise., the plants can help recycle water thus providing drinking water. also, the crop intake carbon dioxide and release oxygen for human breathing.
Secondly, the passage claims that the mars have a zero gravity environment which can not only decrease the muscle mass but also reduce the bone density.The lecturer rebuts this point by explaining that the astronauts who visited mars did exercises and took vitamins to counter the above mentioned problems.
Thirdly, the tourist who visit mars will be exposed to higher levels of radiation from the sun and it would be not attainable to shield the entire spacecraft. The presenter refutes this statement given by the author. He further elaborates this by giving a suggestion to use a special instrument to measure the solar radiation. Additionally, when the radiation spikes up people can stay in a lightweight shielded area for the time.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-10-20 | mahan vahab kashi | 80 | view |
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- tpo 1 Q1 3
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 63, Rule ID: TO_NON_BASE[1]
Message: The verb after "to" should be in the base form: 'mar'.
Suggestion: mar
...cture discusses about sending people to mars for a roundtrip which takes around 2 ye...
^^^^
Line 1, column 207, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ountered in the travel mission to mars. The lecturer casts doubt on these viewpoint...
^^^
Line 5, column 93, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...e space vehicle is limited to carry food ,water and oxygen for two years making th...
^^
Line 5, column 193, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
... The speaker challenges this statement. he posits that by using the hydroponics te...
^^
Line 5, column 322, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Likewise,
...amount of water thereby providing food. Likewise., the plants can help recycle water thu...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 398, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Also
...le water thus providing drinking water. also, the crop intake carbon dioxide and rel...
^^^^
Line 9, column 153, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...e mass but also reduce the bone density.The lecturer rebuts this point by explainin...
^^^
Line 9, column 239, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'did' requires the base form of the verb: 'exercise'
Suggestion: exercise
...hat the astronauts who visited mars did exercises and took vitamins to counter the above ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 41, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...Thirdly, the tourist who visit mars will be exposed to higher levels of radiation...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, likewise, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1270.0 1373.03311258 92% => OK
No of words: 243.0 270.72406181 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.22633744856 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.94822203886 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61112975766 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.654320987654 0.540411800872 121% => OK
syllable_count: 383.4 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 65.2127152084 49.2860985944 132% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.6923076923 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.6923076923 21.698381199 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.07692307692 7.06452816374 86% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 9.0 4.19205298013 215% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.102997807479 0.272083759551 38% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0288777007063 0.0996497079465 29% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0267374364894 0.0662205650399 40% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0589513105598 0.162205337803 36% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0170558606046 0.0443174109184 38% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.05 12.2367328918 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.86 8.42419426049 117% => OK
difficult_words: 82.0 63.6247240618 129% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.