In the lecture, the professor discusses why the three hypothesis on the cause of Little Ice Age in the passage are not conclusive according to the latest research.
To begin with, the passage claims the Little Ice Age could be attributed to the disruption of the Gulf Stream. However, the professor refutes this by saying that scientists now believe the disrupted ocean currents were only able to influence Europe and North America, so the cooling in southern hemisphere can not be explained by this theory.
Secondly, whilst the second hypothesis believes that dust and gas emitted by volcanoes can significantly reduce temperatures, the speaker points out that lack of documentation of some unusual visual effects caused by dust and gas in the atmosphere, like colorful sunset, indicating that this second assumption is not reasonable.
Finally, the passage believes that declining human population resulted in the spread of forests, absorbing more carbon dioxide and lowering the temperature. Nonetheless, after a temporary decrease, human population grew back quickly, as asserted by the lecturer, demanding more agricultural land. Thus it was impossible for forests to cool the earth in a short amount time.
In conclusion, based on reasons and analysis given by the professor, abnormal ocean currents, volcano eruptions and less human activities are not likely to explain the cause of the Little Ice Age.
- TPO-28 - Integrated Writing Task Robert E. Peary was a well-known adventurer and arctic explorer who in 1909 set out to reach the North Pole. When he returned from the expedition, he claimed to have reached the pole on April 7, 1909. This report made him 90
- TPO-17 - Integrated Writing Task In the past century, the steady growth of the human population and the corresponding increase in agriculture and pesticide use have caused much harm to wildlife in the United States,birds in particular. Unfortunately for b 86
- The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine."A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep t 74
- The following is a recommendation from the Board of Directors of Monarch Books."We recommend that Monarch Books open a café in its store. Monarch, having been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer base because 81
- The council of Maple County concerned about the county s becoming overdeveloped is debating a proposed measure that would prevent the development of existing farmland in the county But the council is also concerned that such a restriction by limiting the 91
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 298, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...urer, demanding more agricultural land. Thus it was impossible for forests to cool t...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, thus, in conclusion, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1201.0 1373.03311258 87% => OK
No of words: 222.0 270.72406181 82% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.40990990991 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.8600083453 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.88492678109 2.5805825403 112% => OK
Unique words: 140.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.630630630631 0.540411800872 117% => OK
syllable_count: 380.7 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 21.2450331126 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 73.1546948254 49.2860985944 148% => OK
Chars per sentence: 150.125 110.228320801 136% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.75 21.698381199 128% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.0 7.06452816374 170% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.345266393149 0.272083759551 127% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.136023386308 0.0996497079465 137% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0681599894138 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.167379390257 0.162205337803 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0440760876938 0.0443174109184 99% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.9 13.3589403974 134% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 35.61 53.8541721854 66% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.0 11.0289183223 136% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.39 12.2367328918 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 10.1 8.42419426049 120% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 10.498013245 122% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.2008830022 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.