The author of the reading passage and the professor both discuss that whether or not Pterosaurs were able to fly. The author is against the idea by explaining three theories. However, the professor thinks that the author's ideas contain some defects.
First of all, the author claims that pterosaurs may are cold-blooded, using the modern reptiles as an example. And the modern vertebrates which can fly are warm-blood. On the contrary, the professor disagrees. She indicates that according to the fossils, it shows that they are covering by the hairs. And it's mean it is highly possible pterosaurs are warm-blood, able to produce the energy to fly.
In addition, the author states that pterosaurs are too heavy to fly. Their wings wouldn't able to flap fast enough to fly. However, the professor refutes the author's idea by saying that the pterosaurs' bones are very light. Because their bones are hollow inside, it is possible that their wings are able to let them fly.
Finally, the author raises the point that their back legs are too weak and small to take off from the ground. If they can't run fast or jump enough, they wouldn't able to fly. On the other hand, the professor asserts that actually pterosaurs walk by four limbs, it's not the problem they can run fast enough to fly.
- TPO-47 - Integrated Writing Task Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered 70
- TOEFL T P O 34 Integrated Writing Task 85
- TPO-30 - Integrated Writing Task A little over 2,200 years ago, the Roman navy attacked the Greek port city of Syracuse. According to some ancient historians, the Greeks defended themselves with an ingenious weapon called a "burning mirror": a polished co 63
- TPO-41 - Integrated Writing Task Burning coal in power plants produces a waste product called coal ash, a material that contains small amounts of potentially harmful chemicals Environmentalists in the United States are concerned about the damage such harm 78
- TPO-17 - Integrated Writing Task In the past century, the steady growth of the human population and the corresponding increase in agriculture and pesticide use have caused much harm to wildlife in the United States,birds in particular. Unfortunately for b 78
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 71, Rule ID: WHETHER[7]
Message: Perhaps you can shorten this phrase to just 'whether'. It is correct though if you mean 'regardless of whether'.
Suggestion: whether
...age and the professor both discuss that whether or not Pterosaurs were able to fly. The author...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 82, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...saurs are too heavy to fly. Their wings wouldnt able to flap fast enough to fly. Howeve...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 158, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...fly. However, the professor refutes the authors idea by saying that the pterosaurs bone...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 119, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...ll to take off from the ground. If they cant run fast or jump enough, they wouldnt a...
^^^^
Line 7, column 154, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...they cant run fast or jump enough, they wouldnt able to fly. On the other hand, the pro...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 261, Rule ID: IT_IS[6]
Message: Did you mean 'it's' (='it is') instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?
Suggestion: it's; it is
...actually pterosaurs walk by four limbs, its not the problem they can run fast enoug...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, finally, first, however, if, may, so, in addition, first of all, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1070.0 1373.03311258 78% => OK
No of words: 222.0 270.72406181 82% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.81981981982 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.8600083453 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.37272396376 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 113.0 145.348785872 78% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.509009009009 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 311.4 419.366225166 74% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 26.6274711947 49.2860985944 54% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 71.3333333333 110.228320801 65% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.8 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.26666666667 7.06452816374 103% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.27373068433 234% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.299725372982 0.272083759551 110% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.104266365962 0.0996497079465 105% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0659985600571 0.0662205650399 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.184964862878 0.162205337803 114% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0502729684429 0.0443174109184 113% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.7 13.3589403974 65% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 74.19 53.8541721854 138% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 6.4 11.0289183223 58% => Flesch kincaid grade is low.
coleman_liau_index: 10.08 12.2367328918 82% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.32 8.42419426049 87% => OK
difficult_words: 42.0 63.6247240618 66% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.