Both the lecture and reading passage talks about humpback whales' migration. While the reading states the theory about how whales navigate using stars, the lecture refutes this, saying the theory is fascinating but lacks enough evidence to be true.
First of all, the reading article claims whales are intelligent and has high cognitive ability to use stars to navigate during the migration period for feeding and mating. However, the lecture argues that other animals like ducks, tend to use stars for navigation, but it's more of an instinct than intelligence. There is not enough evidence to establish the connection between overall intelligence and navigation using stars.
Next, the article states whales migrate in straight lines by orienting themselves according to external forces or objects. Birds use physical landmarks for navigation, since there are no landmarks in open oceans, whales use stars. The lecture counters this point by stating earth's magnetic filed acts as external force. In addition, whales' brains contain a chemical called bio-magnetite and it helps to orient whales using magnetic field rather than stars.
Lastly, the reading passage argues that whales display rare behavior called spy- hopping by floating on water and looking up towards sky to watch stars. The lecture refuses this claim by pointing out that, sharks also display similar behavior when they hunt. Moreover, the professor says whales exhibit spy-hopping during day when there are no stars, making the claim implausible.
In conclusion, the lecture disagrees with the theory and supporting claims presented in the reading topic and states that whales use stars for navigation is just a speculation.
- TPO-43 - Integrated Writing Task Agnostids were a group of marine animals that became extinct about 450 million years ago. Agnostid fossils can be found in rocks in many areas around the world. From the fossil remains, we know that agnostids were primitiv 81
- TPO-28 - Integrated Writing Task Robert E. Peary was a well-known adventurer and arctic explorer who in 1909 set out to reach the North Pole. When he returned from the expedition, he claimed to have reached the pole on April 7, 1909. This report made him 78
- TPO-22 - Integrated Writing Task Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasol 85
- TPO-29 - Integrated Writing Task Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold,arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, 81
- TPO-24 - Integrated Writing Task Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently 81
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, lastly, look, moreover, so, while, in addition, in conclusion, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 11.0 22.412803532 49% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1441.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 264.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.45833333333 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03089032464 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.52055086298 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 156.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.590909090909 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 434.7 419.366225166 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 30.9353209591 49.2860985944 63% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.846153846 110.228320801 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.3076923077 21.698381199 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.84615384615 7.06452816374 111% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.356137544312 0.272083759551 131% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.133871739094 0.0996497079465 134% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.053401854953 0.0662205650399 81% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.200070974866 0.162205337803 123% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0403975843439 0.0443174109184 91% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 53.8541721854 95% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.39 12.2367328918 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.99 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.