The reading passage and the professor both discuss whether the fine lines found in the skeletal bones were dinosaur’s feathers. The article provides three refutations to oppose the hypothesis. However, the lecturer casts doubt on all of the statements mentioned in the article.
First of all, the passage contends that the lines might have been the skin fibers formed after the creature died. Nevertheless, the professor contradicts the point by stating that researchers did not find any other decomposed fibers in other animals buried in volcanic ashes. Moreover, researchers also found that functional structures could be well-preserved in volcano areas. As a result, the first theory is indeed unconvincing.
Secondly, the reading passage maintains that the fine lines might have been frills, which decorated dinosaurs' bodies. Nevertheless, the speaker refute the theory by arguing that there are chemical differences between frills and feathers. Frills contains a kind of protein called Baticurin, but researchers did not find this substance in the fine lines. Apparently, the fine lines could not be the frills.
Lastly, the article believes that feathers are usually used for flight or temperature regulation. Yet, the structures of the lines in the dinosaur fossil were located along the backbone, meaning the structures might have been useless. Once again. the lecturer points out that like peacock, having their feathers on the tail to attract their mate, the structures of the fine lines might have used as display function. Furthermore, the researchers found that the lines were shown in orange and white at that time. Therefore, the colorful fine line might have utilized for display purposes.
To conclude, the professor successfully casts doubt on all of the statements presented in the article. That is to say, the fine lines might have been the creature’s feathers without doubts.
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- "The following is taken from a memo from the advertising director of the Super Screen Movie Production Company. "According to a recent report from our marketing department, during the past year, fewer people attended Super Screen-produced movies than in a 50
- TOEFL T P O 30 Integrated Writing Task 91
- Agree or disagree? People can solve the most problems in their lives by themselves or with the help of their families; help from the government is often not necessary. 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 237, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...s. However, the lecturer casts doubt on all of the statements mentioned in the article. ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 236, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Once” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...the structures might have been useless. Once again. the lecturer points out that lik...
^^^^
Line 7, column 248, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...es might have been useless. Once again. the lecturer points out that like peacock, ...
^^^
Line 9, column 56, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...e professor successfully casts doubt on all of the statements presented in the article. Th...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, apparently, but, first, furthermore, however, if, lastly, moreover, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, well, kind of, as a result, first of all, that is to say
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1624.0 1373.03311258 118% => OK
No of words: 295.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 5.50508474576 5.08290768461 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14434120667 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.84803061225 2.5805825403 110% => OK
Unique words: 154.0 145.348785872 106% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.522033898305 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 486.0 419.366225166 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 17.0 8.23620309051 206% => Less articles wanted as sentence beginning.
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 37.5338074754 49.2860985944 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.2222222222 110.228320801 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.3888888889 21.698381199 76% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.83333333333 7.06452816374 139% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.386456505191 0.272083759551 142% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.109056118806 0.0996497079465 109% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0945814836084 0.0662205650399 143% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.200374238357 0.162205337803 124% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0812806936927 0.0443174109184 183% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.7 13.3589403974 95% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.38 12.2367328918 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.82 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 82.0 63.6247240618 129% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 65.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 19.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.