Integrated writing
Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses to explain this decline.
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attack cedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instances of sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so this insect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree’s decline.
A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears. Bears sometimes claw at the cedars in order to eat the tree bark, which has a high sugar content. In fact, the cedar bark can contain as much sugar as the wild berries that are a staple of the bears’ diet. Although the bears’ clawing is unlikely to destroy trees by itself, their aggressive feeding habits may critically weaken enough trees to be responsible for the decline.
The third hypothesis states that gradual changes of climate may be to blame. Over the last hundred years, the patterns of seasonal as well as day-to-day temperatures have changed in northwestern North America. These changes have affected the root systems of the yellow cedar trees: the fine surface roots now start growing in the late winter rather than in the early spring. The change in the timing of root growth may have significant consequences. Growing roots are sensitive and are therefore likely to suffer damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. This frozen root damage may be capable of undermining the health of the whole tree, eventually killing it.
The article states that yellow cedar which is a species of tree have been decline for almost 120 years and provides three reasons of support. However, the profesor explains that reason of declining yellow cedar stil do not know excatly and refutes each of the author’s reasons.
First, the reading claims that insect parasites, especially the cedar bark betle, may cause the yellow cedar decline and this species’s larvae choose to eat wood of yellow cedar trees. The professor refutes this point by saying that yellow cedars have poison against the insect larvae. He states that even if those insect larvae eat the wood they will die after certain time. This attack is not enough to cause yellow cedar decline.
Second the article posits that brown bears prefer to eat the tree due to high sugar content and their aggresive act may be responsible for the decline. However, the professor says that some trees may be affected but not all trees. According to professor, the Brown bear presence in the place where yellow cedar is decline but in Ireland there is no brown bear but yellow cedar stil is decline and so The brown bears is not responsible for declining.
Third, the reading says that changes of climate affect the roof system of yellow cedar. The professor opposes this point by explaining that this effect on roots of the yellow cedars expected in cold area more than warm. We also learn that this effect is not relatively. That shows cold temperature does not cause the decline.
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- Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings? Give specific reasons and examples. 60
- TOEFL Official Guide - Practice Test 2 - Integrated Writing - Professors on TV 3
- The college years are the best time in a person life. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons to support your opinion.
- Integrated 45 3
- Young people enjoy life more than older people do. Do you agree or disagree? 60
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, may, second, so, third
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1255.0 1373.03311258 91% => OK
No of words: 256.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.90234375 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.26130717326 2.5805825403 88% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.5234375 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 373.5 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 50.7025202739 49.2860985944 103% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.5384615385 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.6923076923 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.07692307692 7.06452816374 58% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.249643072704 0.272083759551 92% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0930728173468 0.0996497079465 93% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0697597140029 0.0662205650399 105% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.159660842649 0.162205337803 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0446377853488 0.0443174109184 101% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.5 13.3589403974 86% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.14 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.48 8.42419426049 89% => OK
difficult_words: 47.0 63.6247240618 74% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.