TPO47
The reading and the lecture both discuss whether pterosaurs were able to fly or could only to glide. The passage provides three reasons to refute this ability and says that they could not fly into the sky. However, the professor states that there are some evidence that they could fly without any problem.
First, in spite of the reading that says pterosaurs were cold-blooded and then they were not able to produce enough energy to fly like birds as warm-blooded animals, the professor refutes this idea. The professor says that not only they had dense hair, which has helped them to maintain their body temperature, but also they have been warm-blooded. Thus, they could supply requirement energy for flight.
In addition, the reading claims that their weight had been heavy, so they were not able to fly and stay long time in the sky. On the other hand, the lecture states that they were usually light because of their bones structure. In fact, unlike the solid birds' bones, their bones were hollow; hence, those provide an especial opportunity for them to fly.
Finally, according to the reading, the pterosaurs did not have powerful muscles for jumping high or launching them into air, and also their backbones were weak. In contrast, the speaker states that they had four legs, in spite of the birds that have two legs. Therefore, they had used this chance to push up into the air and even they did not need strong backbones.
In summary, the lecture refutes all reading's reasons and provides some evidence to eliminate them.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, hence, however, so, then, therefore, thus, in addition, in contrast, in fact, in summary, in spite of, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1286.0 1373.03311258 94% => OK
No of words: 262.0 270.72406181 97% => OK
Chars per words: 4.90839694656 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.02323427807 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.26541427974 2.5805825403 88% => OK
Unique words: 137.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.522900763359 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 386.1 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 8.0 2.5761589404 311% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.4910587848 49.2860985944 70% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.9230769231 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.1538461538 21.698381199 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.3076923077 7.06452816374 160% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.339361276255 0.272083759551 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.124897748328 0.0996497079465 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0846686686282 0.0662205650399 128% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.177576749831 0.162205337803 109% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0918503625286 0.0443174109184 207% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.2 12.2367328918 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.76 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.