Integrated Writing - T rex Fossil
The reading discusses different reasons why scientists believe that inside a 70-million-year-old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex still remains the real tissues of the animal. However, the lecturer casts doubt on this notion and directly contradicts each of the author’s point.
First, according to the passage, when the dinosaur leg bone was exposed, a soft, organic substance was found in small branching channels, where blood vessels once located; therefore, the substance was presumed to be the leftover of actual blood vessels of the T.rex. In contrast, the professor points out that bacteria tend to settle in the hollows of fossilized animals’ bones and leave behind traces of chemical materials. For that reason, what scientists have found was probably the residue of bacteria rather than blood vessels of the dinosaur.
Second, the author of the reading mentions reddish spheres as the remains of red blood cells of the animal because of their size and containing iron. Meanwhile, the lecturer refutes this point since he says that the spheres are also seen in other animals’ fossil whose do not have red blood cells in their bodies. Hence, the red-colored substances must originate from something else: maybe a kind of minerals.
Finally, the reading passage states that through examination on the fossilized bone, collagen matrix was discovered, indicating that the tissue is still in its original condition, but this is not approved by the listening. Since collagen is unable to remain over 100 thousand years and the fossil is more or less 70 million years old, the professor believes that the collagen found was not the dinosaur’s. He supposes it was from the researchers’ skin when they handled the bone.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, hence, however, if, may, second, so, still, therefore, while, in contrast, kind of, more or less
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1475.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 276.0 270.72406181 102% => OK
Chars per words: 5.34420289855 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07593519647 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.9273994623 2.5805825403 113% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.605072463768 0.540411800872 112% => OK
syllable_count: 438.3 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.2804834565 49.2860985944 108% => OK
Chars per sentence: 134.090909091 110.228320801 122% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.0909090909 21.698381199 116% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.1818181818 7.06452816374 158% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.100021498511 0.272083759551 37% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.03741293405 0.0996497079465 38% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0407738408568 0.0662205650399 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0652105055095 0.162205337803 40% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0256382443398 0.0443174109184 58% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.3 13.3589403974 122% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.1 53.8541721854 86% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 11.0289183223 118% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.99 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.11 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.