Hail—pieces of ice that form and fall from clouds instead of snow or rain—has always been a problem for farmers in some areas of the United States. Hail pellets can fall with great force and destroy crops in the field. Over the last few decades, a method of reducing hail, called "cloud seeding," has been tried. In cloud seeding, the chemical silver iodide is sprayed on storm clouds from an airplane This makes the clouds produce harmless rain or snow instead of hail. Several pieces of evidence suggest that cloud seeding has been effective in protecting crops from hail.
The reading asserts that cloud seeding, a method to reduce hail, can be used in the United States to decrease the harsh damages of hail. The reading, however, finds this idea dubious and casts doubt on the reasons proposed by the reading.
First, the author holds the view that cloud seeding is an effective method and empirical analysis have proved that the utilization of silver iodide can result in the conversion of the hail pellets into light snow forming. Conversely, the lecturer holds the view that it is true that under laboratory condition application of the silver iodide is useful, but in the actual condition, there is no evidence of its success. Moreover, it can have a negative impact on the usual precipitation of the region cloud seeding applied and it may cause drought.
Furthermore, the reading passage holds the view that since this method was successful in some urban parts in Asia, it can be applicable in the United States. On the contrary, the professor underlines the fact that although cloud seeding method was useful in some Asian urban areas, it is not clear that it would be successful in the United States. The interactions between dust particles in the polluted areas and cloud reduces the possibility of the success of the method.
Finally, the reading indicated that some local studies in the center of the United States have illustrated that the utilization of the cloud seeding method can reduce the hail in comparison with previous years. In contrast, the speaker dismisses this issue due to the fact that this damage reduction can be the result of the natural changes in the amount of the precipitation in the whole area and it is nothing to do with the cloud seeding method.
- In 1912 a bookseller named Wilfrid M. Voynich acquired a beautifully illustrated handwritten book (manuscript) written on vellum (vellum is a material that was used for writing before the introduction of paper). The "Voynich manuscript," as it b 80
- A little over 2,200 years ago, the Roman navy attacked the Greek port city of Syracuse. According to some ancient historians, the Greeks defended themselves with an ingenious weapon called a “burning mirror”: a polished copper surface curved to focus 80
- Hail—pieces of ice that form and fall from clouds instead of snow or rain—has always been a problem for farmers in some areas of the United States. Hail pellets can fall with great force and destroy crops in the field. Over the last few decades, a met 73
- Do you agree or disagree that job has a greater effect on your overall happiness than social life? 73
- At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 80
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, however, may, moreover, so, in contrast, it is true, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1433.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 292.0 270.72406181 108% => OK
Chars per words: 4.90753424658 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.13376432452 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.55571019985 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 142.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.486301369863 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 445.5 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 29.0 21.2450331126 137% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 44.3338471148 49.2860985944 90% => OK
Chars per sentence: 143.3 110.228320801 130% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.2 21.698381199 135% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.4 7.06452816374 161% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.167720258301 0.272083759551 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0735375606488 0.0996497079465 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0500458021674 0.0662205650399 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.109799240106 0.162205337803 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0184249512541 0.0443174109184 42% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.3 13.3589403974 122% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.5 53.8541721854 94% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.79 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.08 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.6 10.498013245 130% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.