Hail—pieces of ice that form and fall from clouds instead of snow or rain—has always been a problem for farmers in some areas of the United States. Hail pellets can fall with great force and destroy crops in the field. Over the last few decades, a method of reducing hail, called "cloud seeding," has been tried. In cloud seeding, the chemical silver iodide is sprayed on storm clouds from an airplane. This makes the clouds produce harmless rain or snow instead of hail. Several pieces of evidence suggest that cloud seeding has been effective in protecting crops from hail. Laboratory experiments Experiments in the laboratory support the idea that cloud seeding is effective. Hail usually forms water vapor that is close to the freezing point However, when experimenters added silver iodide to cold water vapor in the laboratory, they often observed light snow forming instead of hail pellets. Evidence from Asia There is evidence about the effectiveness of cloud seeding from several countries around the world. In some Asian countries, for example, cloud seeding has been successfully used to control precipitation in urban areas. These positive results suggest that cloud seeding should also be effective in protecting fields and farms in the United States. Local studies A few local studies also support the value of cloud seeding. One study conducted in a farming region in the central United States, for example, directly monitored crop damage due to hail. The study found that in an area where cloud seeding was used there was reduced hail damage compared to previous years.
The reading article and lecture talk about the effect of hailstorm over the crops and their protection. The passage points out the cloud seeding process in order to reduce the harmful effects of hail pellets. On the contrary speaker claims that there are certain reasons for the reduction in hails. Some of the points are enlisted below.
Firstly, the passage depicts that silver iodide is sprayed over the crops. It mixes with snow and forms mild water, thereby reducing the impact of hail pellets. However, the speaker disagrees with the statement and states that silver iodide starts precipitation process when acted with water either in a from rain or from snow. It can cause a drought in the affected areas.
Secondly, the passage portrays the application of cloud seeding in urban areas of some Asian countries. The results from non rural areas can effectively be employed in the United States. On the other hand, the speaker dissatisfied with the idea and claims that the results from a different country and continent cannot be wisely used in the American continent.
Lastly, the paragraph posits about the monitoring of damage to crops and laboratory results from the samples taken from the surrounding areas. The information is about a decrease in palleting from the previous years, after using the mentioned process. However, the speaker argues that the decrease in hail storm from past years is also experienced in the neighbouring regions. A variation in the environment can be a possible cause.
In conclusion, the passage informs about the cloud seeding process and its effect in protecting the crops from damage. Also the speaker supports the natural causes, a reason in the destruction of the crops.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 300, Rule ID: SOME_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'some'.
Suggestion: Some
...ain reasons for the reduction in hails. Some of the points are enlisted below. Firstly, ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 305, Rule ID: FROM_FORM[3]
Message: Did you mean 'form'?
Suggestion: form
...ocess when acted with water either in a from rain or from snow. It can cause a droug...
^^^^
Line 9, column 120, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
...ct in protecting the crops from damage. Also the speaker supports the natural causes...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, firstly, however, if, lastly, second, secondly, so, in conclusion, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 49.0 30.3222958057 162% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1447.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 282.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 5.13120567376 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09790868904 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54981307215 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 147.0 145.348785872 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.521276595745 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 431.1 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 13.0 8.23620309051 158% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 36.6662682164 49.2860985944 74% => OK
Chars per sentence: 85.1176470588 110.228320801 77% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.5882352941 21.698381199 76% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.70588235294 7.06452816374 95% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.208330118984 0.272083759551 77% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0631199824385 0.0996497079465 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0396088791825 0.0662205650399 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.110911543755 0.162205337803 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0365926598582 0.0443174109184 83% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.0 13.3589403974 82% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.18 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.8 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 78.0 63.6247240618 123% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.