TPO-48
In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, frogs help play a role in protecting humans by eating disease-carrying insects. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem of declining frog populations.
First, frogs are being harmed by pesticides, which are chemicals used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops such as corn and sugarcane. Pesticides often spread from farmland into neighboring frog habitats. Once pesticides enter a frog’s body, they attack the nervous system, leading to severe breathing problems. If laws prohibited the farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog populations, it would significantly reduce the harm pesticides cause to frogs.
A second major factor in frog population decline is a fungus that has spread around the world with deadly effect. The fungus causes thickening of the skin, and since frogs use their skin to absorb water, infected frogs die of dehydration. Recently, researchers have discovered several ways to treat or prevent infection, including antifungal medication and treatments that kill the fungus with heat. Those treatments, if applied on a large scale, would protect sensitive frog populations from infection.
Third, in a great many cases, frog populations are in decline simply because their natural habitats are threatened. Since most frog species lay their eggs in water, they are dependent on water and wetland habitats. Many such habitats are threatened by human activities, including excessive water use or the draining of wetlands to make them suitable for development. If key water habitats such as lakes and marshes were better protected from excessive water use and development, many frog species would recover.
The reading passage illustrates three methods to solve the declining of frog population. The listening gives three opposite view to against the reading.
Firstly, the reading passage contents that pesticides which are used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops might be the reason to plague with the population of frog. Once the pesticides into the frog's body, they suffer the hard-breathing. In this case, laws should forbid the farmers form using pesticides near sensitive frog population. However, the professor rebuts that pesticides are used for making the crops more competitive in the market. As long as these are banned, farming areas will have a lower yield and equipped with less competitive in the market.
Secondly, the author asserts that the skin of frogs can be thickened by fungus, and since the frogs use their skin to absorb the water, thus the frogs may be died because of dehydration. And using the treatment that heating the fungus would protect the frog population from infection. Whereas the professor jeopardizes that it is extremely hard to capture individual frog and use this treatment in large scale. Moreover, the fungus can pass to the next generation, and will cost manifold money to stop it.
Eventually, the reading passage advocates that as the natural habitats are threatened. Using excessive water or draining of wetlands by human activities can cause the frog population declines. If the main water habitats could be protected, many frogs would revival. In the listening, the professor argues that global warming is the biggest problem, since many water and lakes are vanished. Building and using water wouldn't cause plague with the frogs habitats which can be influenced by global warming.
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 22 in 30
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 16 12
No. of Words: 280 250
No. of Characters: 1423 1200
No. of Different Words: 152 150
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.091 4.2
Average Word Length: 5.082 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.501 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 99 80
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 78 60
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 51 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 36 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 17.5 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.144 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.375 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.325 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.325 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.08 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 1 4