In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county highways. But this effort has failed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the speed limit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, and improving visibility at dangerous intersections. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
The author assumes that due to policy failure, Prunty County should follow same kind of road improvement project that Butler County forced. However, the recommendation is unwarranted because there are lacking many pieces of crucial evidence to support the recommendation.
To begin with, the author relies on reports by the highway patrol to suggest that many drivers are exceeding the speed limit. However, the highway patrol does not mention the exactly number of drivers who are exceeding the speed limit as a cogent evidence. Specifically, only one thousand drivers are exceeding speed limit, and fifty thousand drivers attend the survey, which only represent the tenth of flows of cars on highway one day. As a result, the reports by the highway patrol cannot represent the overall number of drivers who are exceeding the speed limit.
Secondly, the arguer’s recommendation relies on what might be a poor analogy between Prunty County and Butler County. However, it is entirely possible that since Butler County is richer than Prunty County, Butler County can force such useful programs to facilitate highway, but Prunty County cannot. So, additional evidence that is relative to financial condition of two county is needed. Without accounting for such possible differences between Prunty County and Butler County, the arguer cannot prove that Prunty County will reap the similar benefits from proposed methods.
Finally, based on the fact that fewer reported accidents in Butler County after forcing road improvement projects, the editor infers that forcing road improvement project should be responsible for fewer accidents in Butler County. However, the sequence of these events does not suffice to prove that improvement projects caused the reducing accidents. It might have resulted from some other events instead: higher moral drivers in Butler than Prunty County, or higher fine in exceeding speed limit to just a few possibilities. Thus, an evidence that can indicate Prunty county and Butler County have same condition should be offered in order to provide a reasonable recommendation. Without ruling out scenarios such as these, the editor cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship between Prunty County and Butler County.
To sum up, if author can offer more pieces of evidence: the exactly number of drivers who exceeds the speed limit and the evidence that can indicate two county have similar condition, the recommendation could be more reasonable.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 4 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 2 2
No. of Sentences: 16 15
No. of Words: 385 350
No. of Characters: 2046 1500
No. of Different Words: 169 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.43 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.314 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.602 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 189 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 110 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 62 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 37 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 24.062 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.179 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.812 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.412 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.663 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.15 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 9, column 46, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...m up, if author can offer more pieces of evidence: the exactly number of drivers ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, second, secondly, so, thus, kind of, such as, as a result, to begin with, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 19.6327345309 71% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 11.1786427146 81% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 13.6137724551 110% => OK
Pronoun: 15.0 28.8173652695 52% => OK
Preposition: 43.0 55.5748502994 77% => OK
Nominalization: 20.0 16.3942115768 122% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2106.0 2260.96107784 93% => OK
No of words: 385.0 441.139720559 87% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.47012987013 5.12650576532 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.4296068528 4.56307096286 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.6900439867 2.78398813304 97% => OK
Unique words: 178.0 204.123752495 87% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.462337662338 0.468620217663 99% => OK
syllable_count: 657.0 705.55239521 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 4.96107784431 40% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.76447105788 137% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 19.7664670659 81% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 38.6585614709 57.8364921388 67% => OK
Chars per sentence: 131.625 119.503703932 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.0625 23.324526521 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.875 5.70786347227 120% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 5.25449101796 19% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 6.88822355289 29% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.272247915597 0.218282227539 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.104856347645 0.0743258471296 141% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0608244138561 0.0701772020484 87% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.144443248741 0.128457276422 112% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.052678743023 0.0628817314937 84% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.4 14.3799401198 114% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 38.66 48.3550499002 80% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 12.197005988 113% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.74 12.5979740519 117% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.72 8.32208582834 105% => OK
difficult_words: 95.0 98.500998004 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.