Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
Both the reading passage and the lecturer discuss how can humpback whales migrate for long distances. The writer provides three pieces of evidence for supporting humpback whales navigating by the stars. However, the lecturer disagrees with these statements.
First of all, the writer mentions that humpback whales have high intelligence and well-developed cognitive ability to sensor the orientation by the stars. Still, this is very different from the lecturer's claim that the intelligence and using advance system to cognitive the stars doesn't have real connection. Other animals also can cognitive the stars. For example, the ducks, which only have average of intellgence also can manipulate the stars. In this case, the ability to use complex system of sensory is just a instinct, rather than having powerful intelligent.
Second, although the writer states that humpback whales can migrate in straight lines can support the conclusion of they use stars to navigate, the lecturer disagrees with this. He states that humpback whale might use the meganatic field of Earth instead of stars. Because inside the humpback whales, they have the special structure, biomegnatic tied, which can detect the meganatic field. Therefore, they can navigate in straight lines.
Third, the author also claims that a kind of unusual behavior which called spy-hooping was exhibited by humpback whales. Their heads above the water might indicate that they are watching the stars in the sky. Nonetheless, the lecturer disagrees with this. He claims that although spy-hooping is rare among animals, sharks that don't migrate also present the spy-hooping. Moreover, humpback whales also spy hoop during day time, which doesn't have any stars at the time. Both of these statements contradict with the articles.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 129, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...eveloped cognitive ability to sensor the orientation by the stars. Still, this is...
^^
Line 3, column 282, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...g advance system to cognitive the stars doesnt have real connection. Other animals als...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 516, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...o use complex system of sensory is just a instinct, rather than having powerful i...
^
Line 7, column 328, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...ping is rare among animals, sharks that dont migrate also present the spy-hooping. M...
^^^^
Line 7, column 434, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...es also spy hoop during day time, which doesnt have any stars at the time. Both of the...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, moreover, nonetheless, second, so, still, therefore, third, well, for example, kind of, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1522.0 1373.03311258 111% => OK
No of words: 278.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 5.47482014388 5.08290768461 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.08329915638 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59905466286 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.535971223022 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 454.5 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.6189440496 49.2860985944 78% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.5555555556 110.228320801 77% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.4444444444 21.698381199 71% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.0 7.06452816374 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.225332022509 0.272083759551 83% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0733026072184 0.0996497079465 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0646319156363 0.0662205650399 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.153245470094 0.162205337803 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0595247587753 0.0443174109184 134% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.25 53.8541721854 104% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.15 12.2367328918 116% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.36 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 63.6247240618 110% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.