The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters’ resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
Both the reading and lecture discuss about speedily decreasing in the sea otters, which play crucial role in the coastal ecosystem. The former argues that rather than attacks by predators environmental pollution is major cause for reduce in the number of sea otters, and provides three reasons to support, but latter challenges each of these points.
First of all, the author of the passage asserts that chemicals such as factories and oils is responsible for diminishing in the number of sea otters by causing severe infections. However, the professor in the lecture counters that this hypothesis does not hold true because dead sea water actually cause the infections to the sea otters, and it's decline in pollution, then why it does not killed other living creatures inside the sea?
Secondly, according to the passage, experts opined that only one predators exist in sea that is the orca, who only like to prey large mammals such as whale, instead of sea otters. In contrast, the lecture strongly objects this ides. She supports her argument by presenting the example of human hunting of whale. Due to massive hunting of whale from the sea, the ocars had to shift from gigantic mammals to tiny one which includes not only sea otters, but also sea lions, and seals.
Finally, the passage claims that in some area of Alaskan only the otters pollutions reduces as others remain steady due ocean currents and environmental degradation. Nevertheless, the professor in her lecture proclaims that this hypothesis is not feasible because the sea otters usually needs shallow
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| 2023-04-24 | sonyeoso | 70 | view |
| 2022-10-29 | Sumilak | 70 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 390, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[3]
Message: The verb 'does' requires base form of the verb: 'kill'
Suggestion: kill
...line in pollution, then why it does not killed other living creatures inside the sea? ...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 62, Rule ID: ONE_PLURAL[1]
Message: Don't use the numeral 'one' with plural words. Did you mean 'one predator', 'a predator', or simply 'predators'?
Suggestion: one predator; a predator; predators
...o the passage, experts opined that only one predators exist in sea that is the orca, who only...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 223, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
... contrast, the lecture strongly objects this ides. She supports her argument by pres...
^^^^
Line 5, column 358, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...o massive hunting of whale from the sea, the ocars had to shift from gigantic mam...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, however, if, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, then, in contrast, such as, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1321.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 259.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.10038610039 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.01166760082 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54780035589 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.583011583012 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 405.0 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 5.0 1.51434878587 330% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.2895278389 49.2860985944 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 132.1 110.228320801 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.9 21.698381199 119% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.6 7.06452816374 178% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.270032620094 0.272083759551 99% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0997324040651 0.0996497079465 100% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0685931953732 0.0662205650399 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.161950007973 0.162205337803 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0528047577721 0.0443174109184 119% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.5 13.3589403974 116% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.1 53.8541721854 86% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 11.0289183223 118% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.6 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.69 8.42419426049 115% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 63.6247240618 124% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.