The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters' resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
What were the reasons of the decline of the sea otter, a small mammal lives in water, is the focus of both the writer and the professor. In the writing, three reasons, including water samples, other mammals' decline, and the uneven pattern of the otter's decline, have been elaborated. The professor, however, claims that these reasons are not convincing.
As opposed to the writer's opinion that after people checked water samples revealing increased levels of chemicals, which can reduce the otters' resistance to infections, they thought chemical sources caused the decline, the professor states that the lack of discovery of dead otters. She advanced the theory by saying that if chemical sources caused the otters' death, there would be a lot of dead otters, so the predator could be the reason to cause the decline because it could eat the otter.
The professor continues to discredit the writing's assertion that other animals were also declining, which indicated that the reason was pollution, by examining the fact that human hunters can cause the decline. In detail, she points out that if the human hunted the otter's prey, the otter must hunt other smaller mammals to acquire energy, like seals and sea lions, so it could cause all small mammals to decline.
It is the professor's third argument that the predators' location caused the uneven pattern, which contradicts the view of the writer that the uneven pattern was caused by pollution. To explore deeper, the professor contends that the uneven pattern was caused by the predators' location, because it would be much easier for predators to access the otter near its location.
An apparent divide exists between the writer and the professor about whether the otters' decline was caused by pollution or predators.
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Governments should spend more money in support of the arts than in support of athletics such as state sponsored Olympic teams Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 45
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- The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake The level of salt in the lake s water what scientists call its salinity has been increasing steadily for years because the lake s water is evaporating faster than it is being replaced by rainfal 88
- Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is Thus the project o 3
- Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of so 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 19, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'writers'' or 'writer's'?
Suggestion: writers'; writer's
...re not convincing. As opposed to the writers opinion that after people checked water...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 137, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'otters'' or 'otter's'?
Suggestion: otters'; otter's
...vels of chemicals, which can reduce the otters resistance to infections, they thought ...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 354, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'otters'' or 'otter's'?
Suggestion: otters'; otter's
...ing that if chemical sources caused the otters death, there would be a lot of dead ott...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 42, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'writings'' or 'writing's'?
Suggestion: writings'; writing's
...he professor continues to discredit the writings assertion that other animals were also ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 46, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'predators'' or 'predator's'?
Suggestion: predators'; predator's
... the professors third argument that the predators location caused the uneven pattern, whi...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 266, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'predators'' or 'predator's'?
Suggestion: predators'; predator's
...at the uneven pattern was caused by the predators location, because it would be much easi...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, however, if, so, third
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1490.0 1373.03311258 109% => OK
No of words: 291.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.12027491409 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.13022058845 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.41683631364 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.525773195876 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 450.0 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 29.0 21.2450331126 137% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 54.8748576308 49.2860985944 111% => OK
Chars per sentence: 149.0 110.228320801 135% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.1 21.698381199 134% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.8 7.06452816374 40% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.202020501798 0.272083759551 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0913764261178 0.0996497079465 92% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0749803152243 0.0662205650399 113% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.119161537308 0.162205337803 73% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0415534724298 0.0443174109184 94% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.2 13.3589403974 129% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.5 53.8541721854 94% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.01 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.52 8.42419426049 113% => OK
difficult_words: 82.0 63.6247240618 129% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.6 10.498013245 130% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.