A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, suggests that during the same ten-year period, the number of accidents caused by bicycling has increased 200 percent. These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets and they take more risks as a result. Thus, to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents, the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets
Bicycle safety is one of the most critical issues in the traffic area. This article asserts that the dramatic increase in helmet use has made bicyclists who wear helmets feel safer; hence, the number of bicycle accidents has surged 200 percent in the past ten years. The author also seems to believe that educating people about bicycle safety will be able to decrease the number of injuries from bicycle accidents and increase public awareness of bicycle safety. This conclusion, however, assumes not only that wearing a helmet increased bicycle-related injuries in traffic accidents but also that the findings of a national study could be replicated in other states. Before this policy is implemented, the original statement needs to answer three questions that will help them determine whether this policy is likely to have the predicted result: survey information, confounding factors in bicycle accidents, and the causal relationship between safety classes and the bicycle's injury rate.
Requiring bicyclists to spend time learning bicycle safety is a way of decreasing the number of injuries that these people suffer. However, this argument is based on the assumption that because traffic safety courses will cut down the injury rate of traffic accidents, bicyclists must attend these lessons. Lack of safety awareness is scarcely the only problem confronting bicyclists. Bicyclists, for example, have been hit hard not only due to a lack of safety awareness but also because other vehicles, such as cars, may not have followed traffic laws on the road. Moreover, there are plenty of factors that could harm the bicyclists in unexpected ways, either through severe weather or poor road conditions. Hence, the claim that the traffic safety courses actually work to reduce the injury rate must be more clearly examined.
The statement also claims that a survey provides quantitative data about injury rates and the use of helmets. However, this claim does not provide sufficient information about the survey; this survey data was not given to residents nationwide as well. Sample representation is one of the most important factors in a national survey, especially the sample size, length, and content of the survey. Without this kind of information, the validity of the survey is called into question. A small sample size is not generalizable to other populations, so if evidence demonstrates that the sample size is small, the argument may be weakened. In contrast, the argument could be strengthened if the sample were large, including a representative sample of all residents nationwide. With regard to length, of this survey only included two or three questions, that would not provide sufficient information to draw strong conclusions. In that scenario, the survey would not provide a complete picture of how the increased use of helmets causes an increase in the number of serious injuries in bicycle accidents.
In addition, this claim posits the growing number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents because of the increase in helmet use. However, there are several alternative explanations for this relationship, particularly when it comes to traffic accidents, an occurrence that is invariably complex. Supposing the government has not implemented roadwork, other changes in road conditions will result in changes in injury numbers from bicycles, thereby causing many bicyclists to take more risks on the road and get injured. Furthermore, a number of other things may have affected traffic safety for bicyclists, including the weather, the change in traffic laws, and so on. These conditions may have had similar results in terms of the number of bicycle accidents, which would disturb a causal relationship between the increase in helmet use and the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents. Although a ten-year nationwide study used quantitative evidence to support their claim, the government still needs to include other variables to make this argument more conclusive.
In conclusion, there are many questions the government needs to answer before implementing this traffic policy. The author fails to provide solid evidence that there is a causal link between the two variables of less helmet use and the number of bicycle-related traffic injuries. Also, the original statement needs to identify whether the outcome of a national survey will be replicated in other states. Before final decisions are made about whether the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging bicyclists to wear helmets, much work is left for the arguer to do to make this argument more cogent and logical.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 970, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'bicycles'' or 'bicycle's'?
Suggestion: bicycles'; bicycle's
...tionship between safety classes and the bicycles injury rate. Requiring bicyclists to s...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 989, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ive evidence to support their claim, the government still needs to include other ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, furthermore, hence, however, if, may, moreover, so, still, then, well, for example, in addition, in conclusion, in contrast, kind of, such as, with regard to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 19.6327345309 132% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 18.0 12.9520958084 139% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 11.1786427146 134% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 13.6137724551 132% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 28.8173652695 121% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 101.0 55.5748502994 182% => OK
Nominalization: 24.0 16.3942115768 146% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3940.0 2260.96107784 174% => OK
No of words: 735.0 441.139720559 167% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.36054421769 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 5.20681125291 4.56307096286 114% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80503371994 2.78398813304 101% => OK
Unique words: 306.0 204.123752495 150% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.416326530612 0.468620217663 89% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 1252.8 705.55239521 178% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 16.0 8.76447105788 183% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 9.0 4.22255489022 213% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 29.0 19.7664670659 147% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 22.8473053892 109% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.5849198798 57.8364921388 93% => OK
Chars per sentence: 135.862068966 119.503703932 114% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.3448275862 23.324526521 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.13793103448 5.70786347227 108% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 15.0 8.20758483034 183% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 12.0 6.88822355289 174% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.139900855196 0.218282227539 64% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0413609494561 0.0743258471296 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0553794423511 0.0701772020484 79% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0868589023818 0.128457276422 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0577176112258 0.0628817314937 92% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.5 14.3799401198 115% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 37.64 48.3550499002 78% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.2 12.197005988 116% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.1 12.5979740519 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.46 8.32208582834 102% => OK
difficult_words: 167.0 98.500998004 170% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 12.3882235529 109% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 11.1389221557 108% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 30 minutes.
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 970, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'bicycles'' or 'bicycle's'?
Suggestion: bicycles'; bicycle's
...tionship between safety classes and the bicycles injury rate. Requiring bicyclists to s...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 989, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ive evidence to support their claim, the government still needs to include other ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, furthermore, hence, however, if, may, moreover, so, still, then, well, for example, in addition, in conclusion, in contrast, kind of, such as, with regard to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 19.6327345309 132% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 18.0 12.9520958084 139% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 11.1786427146 134% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 13.6137724551 132% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 28.8173652695 121% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 101.0 55.5748502994 182% => OK
Nominalization: 24.0 16.3942115768 146% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3940.0 2260.96107784 174% => OK
No of words: 735.0 441.139720559 167% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.36054421769 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 5.20681125291 4.56307096286 114% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80503371994 2.78398813304 101% => OK
Unique words: 306.0 204.123752495 150% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.416326530612 0.468620217663 89% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 1252.8 705.55239521 178% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 16.0 8.76447105788 183% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 9.0 4.22255489022 213% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 29.0 19.7664670659 147% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 22.8473053892 109% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.5849198798 57.8364921388 93% => OK
Chars per sentence: 135.862068966 119.503703932 114% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.3448275862 23.324526521 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.13793103448 5.70786347227 108% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 15.0 8.20758483034 183% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 12.0 6.88822355289 174% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.139900855196 0.218282227539 64% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0413609494561 0.0743258471296 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0553794423511 0.0701772020484 79% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0868589023818 0.128457276422 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0577176112258 0.0628817314937 92% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.5 14.3799401198 115% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 37.64 48.3550499002 78% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.2 12.197005988 116% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.1 12.5979740519 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.46 8.32208582834 102% => OK
difficult_words: 167.0 98.500998004 170% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 12.3882235529 109% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 11.1389221557 108% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 30 minutes.
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.