The reading passage formulates several hypotheses to explain the origin of the Voynich manuscript. The lecturer, however, casts doubt on these assumptions.
First, according to the reading, the manuscript is probably a genuine book written by Anthony Ascham who is a physician and botanist as many plant in it are similar to those in Ascham's book. The lecturer counters this view, asserting that Ascham is so ordinary a man that he is unlikely to create these complicated codes. Besides, the plant in the Voynich manuscript is quite common that they are simply based on well-known source.
The second theory suggests that the manuscript is a fake work with meaningless content created by Edward Kelley, a celebrity earned money by tricking nobles with magical power. The lecturer argues that the manuscript has too many sophisticated code that it is impossible to be created by Kelley. As the rich people in sixteenth century were easily fooled and a simple book could enable Kelley to attain his purpose as well.
Finally, another assertion is that the manuscript is merely a modern fake produced by Wilfrid M. Voynich himself as he could exert his knowledge to create one to acquire a considerable offer. The lecturer challenges that the vellum as well as the ink on the manuscript are more than 400-years old and that the 400-years old ink is not available. Therefore, the manuscript is unlikely created by Voynich as well.
- TPO-32 - Integrated Writing Task Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews 95
- Some people prefer to work for themselves or own a business. Others prefer to work for an employer. Would you rather be selfemployed, work for someone else, or own a business? Use specific reasons to explain your choice. 76
- TPO 36 3
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- Would you prefer to live in a traditional house or in a modern apartment building?Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 137, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun plant seems to be countable; consider using: 'many plants'.
Suggestion: many plants
...cham who is a physician and botanist as many plant in it are similar to those in Aschams b...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
besides, finally, first, however, second, so, therefore, well, as to, as well as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1201.0 1373.03311258 87% => OK
No of words: 237.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.06751054852 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.92362132708 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.74974730129 2.5805825403 107% => OK
Unique words: 135.0 145.348785872 93% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.569620253165 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 375.3 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 38.9344177931 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 100.083333333 110.228320801 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.75 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.66666666667 7.06452816374 94% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.190599913615 0.272083759551 70% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0709251629226 0.0996497079465 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0479144575091 0.0662205650399 72% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.110738180284 0.162205337803 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0429966552731 0.0443174109184 97% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.13 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.31 8.42419426049 111% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.