"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
The opinion of investing in unmanned space flight rather than manned ones is based on several assumptions and assertions which are not justified in the given passage.
First assumption that we come accorss is that manned space flight is costly and dangerous. There is no evidence in the argument which states on what basis this assertion was made. Was the cost of manned space flight and the unmanned one compared? Also, if it was compared, then on what basis was it compared? If the cost was compared solely on the basis of how much would it take to invest in sending men and women into space or was it compared on the basis of equipments included in the craft. If only we knew the basis of cost comparison, we could render the the argument of manned space flight being costly as true. Moreover, saying that the manned space flights were dangerous is a little vague as we do not know, in what terms the complexity of the situation and danger is defined. Whether it was a manned space flight or an unmanned one, we are uncertain of the fact that what changes in orbits would occur, whether any collision would happen or not. In these cases any time a crash could happen destroying the space craft. If the danger meant was in terms of lives of people, then yes, manned space flights would prove to be more dangerous because it would be holding real people.
Though it is specified that recent success stories of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites, demonstrated great deal of useful information that can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space, it is no where mentioned about how many of these satellites proved to be success. We do not know the total number of satellites which were sent and out of which how many were successful. Without knowing the base count, we cannot determine the success rate. It might be case that out of thousands of attempts, ten attempts were successful, and based on the success stories of which such a conclusion of spending in unmanned flight was derieved at. If this was the case, then, instead of cutting down upon the cost, the cost would see a surge instead. This is because the success rate was low and out of so many attempts only a few would be successful. Also, the usefulness of information gathered is not well justified. How did these people compare the usefulness of innformation gathererd from an unmanned flight as compared to a manned one? What real people can capture is very different from what an artificial thing can capture. The results or finding of an artificial equipment could prove to erroneous but something which is captured by a real person would be true to a great extent.
Hence, the argument of spending completely in unmanned space flight rests on several unwarranted assumptions and fails to make a convincing case.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Sentence: First assumption that we come accorss is that manned space flight is costly and dangerous.
Error: accorss Suggestion: accords
Sentence: It might be case that out of thousands of attempts, ten attempts were successful, and based on the success stories of which such a conclusion of spending in unmanned flight was derieved at.
Error: derieved Suggestion: derived
Sentence: How did these people compare the usefulness of innformation gathererd from an unmanned flight as compared to a manned one?
Error: gathererd Suggestion: gathered
Error: innformation Suggestion: information
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argument 1 -- still need to argue more about 'dangerous'. it assumes that the manned space flights will not improve in the safety.
argument 2 -- not exactly. it said in the topic:' the recent success...', not for past and not for future.
argument 3 -- ???
Need to argue against the conclusion always. For this topic it is:
Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight.
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samples:
https://www.testbig.com/gmatgre-essays/following-opinion-was-provided-l…
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 4 2
No. of Sentences: 22 15
No. of Words: 499 350
No. of Characters: 2299 1500
No. of Different Words: 208 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.726 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.607 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.454 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 152 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 108 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 74 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 46 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 22.682 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 10.394 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.5 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.311 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.451 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.146 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 558, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: the
...sis of cost comparison, we could render the the argument of manned space flight being c...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 558, Rule ID: DT_DT[1]
Message: Maybe you need to remove one determiner so that only 'the' or 'the' is left.
Suggestion: the; the
...sis of cost comparison, we could render the the argument of manned space flight being c...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 256, Rule ID: NOW[2]
Message: Did you mean 'now' (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?
Suggestion: now
...sending men and women into space, it is no where mentioned about how many of these...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, hence, if, moreover, so, then, well, to a great extent
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 37.0 19.6327345309 188% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 16.0 12.9520958084 124% => OK
Conjunction : 17.0 11.1786427146 152% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 13.6137724551 103% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 28.8173652695 101% => OK
Preposition: 63.0 55.5748502994 113% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 16.3942115768 67% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2352.0 2260.96107784 104% => OK
No of words: 499.0 441.139720559 113% => OK
Chars per words: 4.71342685371 5.12650576532 92% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.72634191566 4.56307096286 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.51442878584 2.78398813304 90% => OK
Unique words: 220.0 204.123752495 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.440881763527 0.468620217663 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 727.2 705.55239521 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 4.96107784431 141% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 19.7664670659 111% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 60.176616776 57.8364921388 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 106.909090909 119.503703932 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.6818181818 23.324526521 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.27272727273 5.70786347227 57% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 3.0 5.25449101796 57% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 8.20758483034 73% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 12.0 6.88822355289 174% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.390456164753 0.218282227539 179% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.118613281692 0.0743258471296 160% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.119642967521 0.0701772020484 170% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.203897043166 0.128457276422 159% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.102883044551 0.0628817314937 164% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 14.3799401198 84% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 48.3550499002 119% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.33 12.5979740519 82% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.54 8.32208582834 91% => OK
difficult_words: 89.0 98.500998004 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 12.3882235529 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.