According to the reading passage, paleontologists have doubts about the possibility of the Pterosaurs ability to powered flight. They have some reasons that the Pterosaurs were able to glide instead of flight. The author mentions three reasons in support of them. However, the professor opposes all of them.
First of all, the author states that the Pterosaurs were reptiles and all the reptiles are cold-blooded. As the cold-blooded animals have a slow metabolism so they could not provide the required power for flight. In contrast, the professor argues that the scientists have found a clue of hairy like covering on the body of the Pterosaurs. Consequently, the professor concludes, since all the warm-blooded animals have a covering on their body so it is probable that the Pterosaurs might be warm-blooded. In result, they can provide enough energy for powered flight.
Second, the author indicates that the Pterosaurs had a huge body such as the giraffes so they probably had been too massive for flight. The professor refutes the statement with the current evidence about the Pterosaur’s fossils. She implies that the recent research has uncovered that the Pterosaurs had hollow bones. Indeed, with hollow bones, their weight was not high enough to restrict them from the flight.
Finally, the author mentions that the Pterosaurs had a couple of weak hind legs so they could not run fast or jump high for taking off. Although the professor confirms this evidence, she states that the Pterosaurs had run on their four legs so in this way they could produce enough energy for taking off.
In brief, the professor and the author give the contradicting ideas about the type of Pterosaurs’ flight. The professor sheds light on the issues and states, with the aid of the recent researches there is some evidence that the Pterosaurs could be powered flight.
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, finally, first, however, second, so, in brief, in contrast, such as, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1573.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 306.0 270.72406181 113% => OK
Chars per words: 5.14052287582 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18244613648 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.7843233146 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.467320261438 0.540411800872 86% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 463.5 419.366225166 111% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 36.2065393929 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.5294117647 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.0 21.698381199 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.58823529412 7.06452816374 79% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.432944162877 0.272083759551 159% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.148996194008 0.0996497079465 150% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0900825529845 0.0662205650399 136% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.242597701677 0.162205337803 150% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0833914720419 0.0443174109184 188% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.24 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.88 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.