Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.
Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
According to the passage, one of the paintings of Rembrandt was removed from the catalogues in the 1930s because of the inconsistency in its style, technique, and the glued wood. However, the professor of the lecturer refutes this idea.
First of all, the article claims that it is unlikely for Rembrandt, a cautious artist, to miss the details of the woman being portrait. However, the lecturer proposes an explanation to this: recently, after X-ray examination, it reveals that it was actually, 100 years later, another unknown painter who added those extra and inconsistent elements such as a luxurious fur purposely to make it look more decent.
Secondly, the passage maintains that the partial shadow face is another evidence showing that this is not the work of Rembrandt. Nonetheless, the lecturer refutes this point by arguing that it is the extra layer painted by another painter that results in such inconsistency. Moreover, after removing the extra layer, the original color used on the painting perfectly illuminates the women's face, making the painting more realistic.
Lastly, the article declares that the glued and wooden panel makes it unlikely to be a work of Rembrandt. Again, this point of view is opposed by the lecturer. She further explains that the enlarged wooden panel was assembled by the unknown painter as well so as to make changes on the original portrait. Furthermore, one piece of the panel which is the panel matches exactly to the other wooden panel of Rembrandt's work, the Rembrandt's himself with a hat.
In summary, the lecturer disagrees with the article and concludes that this piece of work is indeed painted by Rembrandt.
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| 2019-12-19 | sandeshbhandari2 | 83 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 13, column 258, Rule ID: SO_AS_TO[1]
Message: Use simply 'to'
Suggestion: to
...ssembled by the unknown painter as well so as to make changes on the original portrait. ...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, first, furthermore, however, lastly, look, moreover, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, well, as to, in summary, such as, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1410.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 273.0 270.72406181 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.16483516484 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06481385082 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.7103009412 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.52380952381 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 425.7 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 54.7267835098 49.2860985944 111% => OK
Chars per sentence: 117.5 110.228320801 107% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.75 21.698381199 105% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.0 7.06452816374 170% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.224560079649 0.272083759551 83% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0857740051218 0.0996497079465 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0680139361426 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.141865738008 0.162205337803 87% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0587906718627 0.0443174109184 133% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.94 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.83 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.5 10.7273730684 135% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.