Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur’s diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters.
The article discusses the evidences that support the hypothesis about the migration of Edmontosaurus, a specie of dinosaurs, in the cold winters and provide three reasons to support this idea. However, the professor in the lecture assume these statements not convincing and refutes each of these claims.
First, the lecture claims that since they fed exclusively on plants and there was no plants available in the winters they had to migrate in order to survive. However, the professor explains that these dinosaurs had not to migrate for surveillance. He avers that during summer, the Sun was shining the whole day and provide good condition for plants to grow. As a result a great amount of plants were produced during summer and dead plants were abundant everywhere during the winter from which the Edmontosaurus can be fed.
Second, the passage states that their living in herds proves that they were migratory animals. However, the lecturer states that living in herd does not prove anything. He provides an example of Rosavelt elk who lives in herds but not migrate. Further, he claims that living in herds may have some other reason such as protecting themselves against predators. So, Edmontosaurus living in herds might be happening due to their protection rather than migration.
Third, the reading avers that these species were able to migrate long distances with an average velocity of five kilometers per hour which is likely to happen. Even though the professor agrees with this idea in case of adult Edmontosaurus but he states that the young one was not able to migrate for long distances and the adults could not quit them to survive on their own, hence, they could not migrate in winters.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-02 | Bonjourkmm | 76 | view |
| 2019-10-23 | Seema Modak | 78 | view |
| 2019-10-23 | Seema Modak | 3 | view |
| 2019-09-28 | p0uya | 3 | view |
| 2019-09-28 | mahan vahab kashi | 3 | view |
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, hence, however, may, second, so, third, such as, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1432.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 284.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.04225352113 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10515524023 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54536308597 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.552816901408 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 440.1 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.0165305615 49.2860985944 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.153846154 110.228320801 100% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.8461538462 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.53846153846 7.06452816374 78% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0470376336635 0.272083759551 17% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0185316893626 0.0996497079465 19% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0179755816479 0.0662205650399 27% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.026318098534 0.162205337803 16% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.00734512222422 0.0443174109184 17% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 13.3589403974 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.95 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.24 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.