The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals."In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group.Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The director points out that UltraClean is the better selection of hand soaps that can reduce infection in Hospitals. Therefore, all hospital systems should apply the same products. However, the some assumptions that the director made in the memo needs to be evaluated.
First of all, comparing UltraClean's result from the laboratory to liquid hand soaps that are used in the public is unreasonable. The director assumed that UltraClean had the same test environment as regular liquid soaps. The laboratory might conducts tests in a controlled environment with a few kinds of specific bacteria for UltraClean testing. UltraClean might perform well reducing several bacteria but when placed in the public can compare with currently used liquid hand soaps, they might have the same percent of bacteria reduction. Even worse, UltraClean might even be inferior. Therefore, the director should provide information of the comparison test results of UltraClean with liquid handsoaps.
Secondly, the director seems to assume that UltraClean has direct influence on the reduced infections in Workby Hospital. There are many ways for patients to get infected and washing hands in only one of the ways to prevent. Perhaps that Workby is highly strict on the rules to wearing mask in the hospital. The sanitary in Workby is probably well trained, thus understanding how to prevent infection. Moreover, what kind of hospital is Workby? What kind of patients does it take care? If Workby does not take care of children and elderly, the chances are low that its patients will get infected easily. Ultraclean might not be the main reason that infection decreased.
Last but not least, the director recommended that all systems should apply UltraClean. However, hospital at different locations may have different kinds of bacteria and UltraClean cannot have effects on all of them. Also, different hospital takes in different patients too.
Therefore, before deciding using UltraClean, the director should consider the unproven assumptions.
- The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals."In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than 77
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- A recently issued twenty-year study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia investigated the possible therapeutic effect of consuming salicylates. Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. 50
- A recently issued twenty-year study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia investigated the possible therapeutic effect of consuming salicylates. Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. 63
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 21 15
No. of Words: 316 350
No. of Characters: 1669 1500
No. of Different Words: 160 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.216 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.282 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.656 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 132 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 104 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 81 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 45 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 15.048 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 5.736 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.667 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.32 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.529 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.11 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 196, Rule ID: THE_SOME_DAY[1]
Message: Did you mean 'same'?
Suggestion: same
...d apply the same products. However, the some assumptions that the director made in t...
^^^^
Line 9, column 518, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ke care? If Workby does not take care of children and elderly, the chances are lo...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, may, moreover, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus, well, kind of, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 19.6327345309 56% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 11.1786427146 45% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 13.6137724551 81% => OK
Pronoun: 14.0 28.8173652695 49% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 55.5748502994 70% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 16.3942115768 55% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1728.0 2260.96107784 76% => OK
No of words: 316.0 441.139720559 72% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.46835443038 5.12650576532 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.21620550194 4.56307096286 92% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.7543646446 2.78398813304 99% => OK
Unique words: 166.0 204.123752495 81% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.525316455696 0.468620217663 112% => OK
syllable_count: 518.4 705.55239521 73% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 4.96107784431 20% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 22.8473053892 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.6609760862 57.8364921388 62% => OK
Chars per sentence: 82.2857142857 119.503703932 69% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.0476190476 23.324526521 65% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.33333333333 5.70786347227 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 8.20758483034 73% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 6.88822355289 44% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 12.0 4.67664670659 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.182929485592 0.218282227539 84% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0554964909759 0.0743258471296 75% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0523412781446 0.0701772020484 75% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0973883202515 0.128457276422 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0625826806666 0.0628817314937 100% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 14.3799401198 83% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.25 48.3550499002 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 12.197005988 75% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.85 12.5979740519 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.48 8.32208582834 102% => OK
difficult_words: 82.0 98.500998004 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 12.3882235529 57% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.0 11.1389221557 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.9071856287 67% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.