In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States. Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to North America by European explorers known as the Norse, who traveled across the Atlantic Ocean and came into contact with Native Americans almost a thousand years ago.
However, some archaeologists believe that the coin is not a genuine piece of historical evidence but a historical fake: they think that the coin was placed at the site recently by someone who wanted to mislead the public. There are three main reasons why some archaeologists believe that the coin is not genuine historical evidence
Great Distance from Norse Settlements
First, the Native American site in Maine where the coin was discovered is located very far from other sites documenting a Norse presence in North America Remains of Norse settlements have been discovered in far eastern Canada. The distance between the Maine site and the Norse settlements in Canada is more than a thousand kilometers, suggesting the coin has no real connection with the settlements.
No Other Coins Found
A second problem is that no other coins have been found at the Canadian sites that were inhabited by the Norse. This suggests that the Norse did not bring any silver coins with them to their North American settlements.
No Use for European Coins
Third, the Norse who traveled to North America would have understood that silver coins would most likely be useless to them. Silver coins may have been in wide use in Europe at the time, but the Norse, as experienced explorers, would have known that native North Americans did not recognize silver coins as money.
Listening material
Based on the given materials, the article as well as the lecture discusses a silver coin which was found at a Native American site. The author states that the coin was a fake which was placed recently by someone as a mislead. The lecturer provides several ideas to repudiate this claim.
Initially, it is alleged in the reading that the coin was found in a location far frome the Norse original settelment so the coin have no relation with Norse people. However, the lecture alludes to the fact that many other objects had been found there came from other places since the original dwellers were interested in exotic objects. They used to travel to other places and brought back objects.
Second, the writer proclaims that no other coin was found at the original habbitants of the Norse habitant which suggest that they did not bring with them any. Yet again, the speaker underscores that Norse people were not permanent settlers and shuttled between the europe and north america. While they were travelling, they packed valuable things whith them along with their silver coins.
The last point of contention between the listening and the reading passages is the use of silver coins. The author points out that the coins would have no value for them since Native Americans could not recognize their value. On the other hand, the lecturer explains that albeit Native Americans could not understand the value of the coins but they were intrested in objects wich was brought other places and were beautiful. She mentions as long as the object was beutiful and exotic to them such as neckless or a silver coin, the Norse could use them to trade with them.
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| 2023-07-19 | Zmx_6 | 85 | view |
| 2023-06-29 | YasamanEsml | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 216, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...which was placed recently by someone as a mislead. The lecturer provides several ideas to...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, however, if, second, so, well, while, as to, such as, as well as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1383.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 284.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86971830986 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10515524023 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.22529361217 2.5805825403 86% => OK
Unique words: 147.0 145.348785872 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.517605633803 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 420.3 419.366225166 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 40.5099155077 49.2860985944 82% => OK
Chars per sentence: 106.384615385 110.228320801 97% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.8461538462 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.76923076923 7.06452816374 96% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.226366351105 0.272083759551 83% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0843050054124 0.0996497079465 85% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0551505052726 0.0662205650399 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.146613956105 0.162205337803 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0346658523697 0.0443174109184 78% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.97 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.96 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.