The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.
"The population on Balmer Island increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island plans to limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's six moped rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day during the summer season. Last year, the neighboring island of Torseau enforced similar limits on moped rentals and saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents. We predict that putting these limits into effect on Balmer Island will result in the same reduction in moped accidents."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument
A letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette regarding the reductions in the number of mopeds rented to decrease the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians. To substantiate this views, the writer has given the example of neighboring island of Torseau which has enforced similar limits on moped rentals and provided 50 percent reduction in mopeds accidents. The writer comes to hasty conclusion predicting similar limitation on Balmer Island will result in the same reduction in moped accidents. The arguments as it stands now does not hold water and it needs to be backed by the evidences in order to make arguments valid.
Firstly, the argument states the increase in population on Balmer Island to 100000 during the summer months. It fails to provide any relevant reason regarding the population growth during summer months. Either, it is due to immigration of population due to suitable environment conditions in Balmer island. The reason of population growth may be due tourist destination during summer season. The argument fails to provide any comparison of population growth with other cities during summer months. The assumption belies on the claim that population of Balmer Island increases during the summer months without providing any relevant information on population growth.
Secondly, the writer believes that the cause of accident is due to engagement of mopeds with pedestrians in Balmer island. It may be possible that road conditions are bad in Balmer or the reason for accidents is due to sharp turning of roads. It may be possible that the roads are sloppy and drivers are careless or insouciant while driving. It may be true that the cause of accidents is due to collision of people with the commercial vehicles or cars. It is prejudiced to assume that the reason behind the accidents is due to the collision of mopeds with pedestrian and forcing the limitation of mopeds from 50 to 30 per day during summer season by town council.
Thirdly, the argument is corroborated with the neighboring island of Torseau which enforced similar limitations on mopeds and consequently, the accidental rates decrease up to 50 percent. The reason behind the decrease in accidents is due to good road condition in Torseau island. Either, it is due to effective utilization of traffic rules and regulation inside Torseau island. It is possible that the roads are wide without sharp turns in Torseau island. It may be possible that in Torseau island the population decreases during summer due to unsuitability of climate to live there and people generally make plans to move out during summer days in Torseau island which may be the factor of accidental decrease. It is unfavorable to compare two island Balmer and Torseau which knowing their geographical locations, climate variations and population density. It may be possible that population density of Balmer is more in comparison to the population density of Torseau during summer days which erroneously provide the comparison of accidentals rate between two cities.
In conclusion, the arguments as it stands now is full of unwarranted assumptions and it needs to be backed by relevant evidences in the form of systematic format in order to make arguments valid to assume that the decrease in mopeds rented definitively decreases the percent rate of accidents in Balmer islands.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 9 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 6 2
No. of Sentences: 23 15
No. of Words: 545 350
No. of Characters: 2780 1500
No. of Different Words: 195 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.832 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.101 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.782 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 247 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 150 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 109 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 83 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 23.696 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.884 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.522 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.364 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.364 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.159 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 1 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 498, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...with other cities during summer months. The assumption belies on the claim that pop...
^^^
Line 3, column 342, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...e careless or insouciant while driving. It may be true that the cause of accidents...
^^
Line 3, column 453, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...e with the commercial vehicles or cars. It is prejudiced to assume that the reason...
^^
Line 4, column 713, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...y be the factor of accidental decrease. It is unfavorable to compare two island Ba...
^^
Line 4, column 859, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...mate variations and population density. It may be possible that population density...
^^
Line 6, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...t rate of accidents in Balmer islands.
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, first, firstly, may, regarding, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, while, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 19.6327345309 132% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.9520958084 62% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 11.1786427146 125% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 13.6137724551 110% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 28.8173652695 94% => OK
Preposition: 108.0 55.5748502994 194% => OK
Nominalization: 27.0 16.3942115768 165% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2824.0 2260.96107784 125% => OK
No of words: 545.0 441.139720559 124% => OK
Chars per words: 5.18165137615 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.83169070408 4.56307096286 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.83008474817 2.78398813304 102% => OK
Unique words: 203.0 204.123752495 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.37247706422 0.468620217663 79% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 887.4 705.55239521 126% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 4.96107784431 222% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 13.0 8.76447105788 148% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 23.0 19.7664670659 116% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 59.1045339693 57.8364921388 102% => OK
Chars per sentence: 122.782608696 119.503703932 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.6956521739 23.324526521 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.52173913043 5.70786347227 79% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 15.0 6.88822355289 218% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.369716793545 0.218282227539 169% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.131725028072 0.0743258471296 177% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.100568023311 0.0701772020484 143% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.207153358751 0.128457276422 161% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0703527558054 0.0628817314937 112% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.8 14.3799401198 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 48.3550499002 100% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 12.197005988 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.06 12.5979740519 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.02 8.32208582834 96% => OK
difficult_words: 112.0 98.500998004 114% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 12.3882235529 105% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.