The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine: “Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space"
In the letter provided to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine, it is concluded that the organization should invest its resources in unmanned space flight. On the premise that Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. However, the author has arrived at this conclusion based on two assumptions that if not substantiated, dramatically weaken the persuasiveness of the argument.
First of all, the letter states that manned space flight is costly and dangerous as compared to unmanned space flight, in unmanned space travel, there is the possibility of a probe or satellite that has been launched to malfunction as this would render the launch to no avail and would need a relaunch this would lead to the cost for successfully launching almost double as there would not be an option to return with the damaged probe or satellite. However, when it comes to manned space there is a chance that the probe could be brought back and execute the deploying of the probe or satellite again successfully.
Secondly, unmanned space flight requires an additional artificial intelligence that can self-sustain in case of emergencies. It is not the case when it comes to manned space flight as there would be physical assistance that can be used to avoid the emergency and be safe, it is this self-sustainable artificial intelligence that is hard and costly to develop rather than hiring a few space travel and satellite repairing experts.
Lastly, the series of successes of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites have demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered, is the survey done viably? As compared to manned space flight is unmanned space flight less costly and more informative, the launches might have been compared without context, for instance, a manned flight to mars and an unmanned flight to the moon cannot be compared with each other. If this case is true the letter's suggestion to invest resources in unmanned space flight might not hold water.
In conclusion, it might not be good to invest in unmanned space flight. However, as it stands now the argument stands on three unreliable assumptions made by the author, for these assumptions to hold water the author needs more persuasive evidence the assumptions
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 6 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 5 2
No. of Sentences: 12 15
No. of Words: 373 350
No. of Characters: 1854 1500
No. of Different Words: 163 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.395 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.971 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.812 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 140 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 85 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 73 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 45 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 31.083 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 18.527 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.75 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.419 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.671 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.125 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 292, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...r the launch to no avail and would need a relaunch this would lead to the cost for success...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 445, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...oon cannot be compared with each other. If this case is true the letters suggestio...
^^
Line 7, column 470, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'letters'' or 'letter's'?
Suggestion: letters'; letter's
...th each other. If this case is true the letters suggestion to invest resources in unman...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, lastly, second, secondly, so, for instance, in conclusion, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 19.6327345309 107% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 11.1786427146 116% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 13.6137724551 88% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 28.8173652695 83% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 55.5748502994 74% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 16.3942115768 67% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1897.0 2260.96107784 84% => OK
No of words: 373.0 441.139720559 85% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.08579088472 5.12650576532 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.39467950092 4.56307096286 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.8872065374 2.78398813304 104% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 204.123752495 82% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.447721179625 0.468620217663 96% => OK
syllable_count: 588.6 705.55239521 83% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 4.96107784431 81% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 19.7664670659 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 31.0 22.8473053892 136% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 103.113879872 57.8364921388 178% => OK
Chars per sentence: 158.083333333 119.503703932 132% => OK
Words per sentence: 31.0833333333 23.324526521 133% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.58333333333 5.70786347227 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 5.25449101796 57% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.403021731949 0.218282227539 185% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.171285464803 0.0743258471296 230% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0968356736451 0.0701772020484 138% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.22922585507 0.128457276422 178% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.102707859814 0.0628817314937 163% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.1 14.3799401198 126% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 40.01 48.3550499002 83% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 12.197005988 126% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.83 12.5979740519 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.69 8.32208582834 104% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 98.500998004 84% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 12.3882235529 113% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.4 11.1389221557 129% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.