Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur’s diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herds. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmontosaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmontosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which it certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climates during the harsh arctic winters.
Both the reading and lecture discuss whether the Edmontosaurs, the elephant-sized dinosaurs found in the North Slope migrate the south to more favourable place during harsh weather. The former argues that these dinosaurs migrate to the suitable region during worst winter and there are three possible reasons to doing so, but latter challenges each of these points.
First of all, the author of passage asserts that Edmontosaurs depend upon the plants, since there is no plants grow in winter in North slope justify that this dinosaurs migrated for food.
However, the professor in lecture contends that this hypothesis does not hold true because 1000 years ago the North pole was warmer than today. Indeed, several plants used to grew during summer and in winter the dry grass provided as nutrients as summer plants supplies.
Secondly, according to the passage, the expert opined that the Edmontosaurs used to live on herds, likewise caribou and buffalo who live and migrate during the winter. In contrast, the lecture objects this idea because the Edmontosaurs used to live in herd to protect from the predators which was nothing to do with migration. She supports her argument by presenting the example of Re- belt Yak who lives in herd, but not migrate in winter.
Finally, the passage claims that Edmontosaurs are so fast runner or traveler that they could travel 5 km/hour during acerbic winter. Nevertheless, like two hypothesis before, the professor in her lecture proclaims that this argument is not feasible because unlike adult, juvenile of Edmontosaurs would not travel much distance. In fact, adult didn't leave their juvenile alone.
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| 2022-08-25 | Hello GRE | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 205, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ng harsh weather. The former argues that these dinosaurs migrate to the suitable ...
^^
Line 1, column 254, Rule ID: THE_SUPERLATIVE[2]
Message: A determiner is probably missing here: 'during the worst'.
Suggestion: during the worst
...inosaurs migrate to the suitable region during worst winter and there are three possible rea...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 49, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... all, the author of passage asserts that Edmontosaurs depend upon the plants, sin...
^^
Line 3, column 94, Rule ID: THERE_S_MANY[4]
Message: Did you mean 'there are no plants'?
Suggestion: there are no plants
...ontosaurs depend upon the plants, since there is no plants grow in winter in North slope justify t...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 156, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...w in winter in North slope justify that this dinosaurs migrated for food. However, ...
^^^^
Line 6, column 223, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...he lecture objects this idea because the Edmontosaurs used to live in herd to pro...
^^
Line 8, column 344, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...ot travel much distance. In fact, adult didnt leave their juvenile alone.
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, likewise, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, in contrast, in fact, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1393.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 266.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.23684210526 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03850299372 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.52409105856 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.597744360902 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 419.4 419.366225166 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.0858806255 49.2860985944 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 126.636363636 110.228320801 115% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.1818181818 21.698381199 111% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.3636363636 7.06452816374 147% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0944934359779 0.272083759551 35% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0360947465357 0.0996497079465 36% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0503798602194 0.0662205650399 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0613864543079 0.162205337803 38% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0530298926651 0.0443174109184 120% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.3 13.3589403974 115% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.41 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.45 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.