The opinion mentioned in editor of national aeronautics magazine stressing needs of investment in unmanned space flight seems legit. However, this statement depends on various assumptions and while these assumptions are proven unwarranted, may prove the conclusion fallacious.
First and foremost, it is assumed that data collected from unmanned space flight is of almost similar to quality and quantity to that collected from manned space flight. Yes, various studies have shown that unmanned space probes and satellites provide a great deal of useful information. however, this cannot assure that the information is as complete as that sent by manned spaceship. If this assumption proves unwarranted, author can be misguied about the additional benefits that can be achieved from manned missions and their marginal costs, and hence the conclusion can be fallacious.
Another assumption made by author is that manned mission are really costly and unmanned mission is really cheap. But manned mission does not necessarily mean the cost of production will be much higher that unmanned mission. and unmanned mission does not neccessarily mean cheaper. Logistics, equipments and automated systems associated with unmanned mission can prove manned mission in fact less costlier than unmanned mission and this is not included in the argument.
Further, the author considers that the risks will be higher for manned mission. Even this assumption is not necessarily true. Yes, there will be risks, but the risks are not necessarily inevitable and it is not impossible to decrease those risks. risks should first be calculated, methods to decrease these risks should be analyzed and hence plan should be implemented to make this risk bare minimum.
Last but not the least, author fails to consider that our ultimate goal of space missions and plans is to establish humanity outside of our solar system. Yes, it may take decades, centuries or even millinea before we can put our step in exoplanets and even more time to establish humanity there, these missions are not necessarily mean impossible. to envision this far seen dream, we have to make humanity habituated to space and manned mission are necessary to make ourselves accostumed to space colonization.
In this way, major assumptions made by author to reach the conclusion and the possible results of unwaranted conclusion is mentioned as above. The author is supposed to consider these factors much more rigorously before concluding.
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e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 11 2
No. of Sentences: 15 15
No. of Words: 390 350
No. of Characters: 2053 1500
No. of Different Words: 186 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.444 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.264 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.672 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 158 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 122 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 91 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 55 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 26 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 12.628 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.667 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.34 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.619 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.105 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 289, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...ide a great deal of useful information. however, this cannot assure that the informatio...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 225, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: And
...l be much higher that unmanned mission. and unmanned mission does not neccessarily ...
^^^
Line 3, column 392, Rule ID: LESS_COMPARATIVE[1]
Message: Non-standard use of the comparative or superlative. Did you mean 'less costly'?
Suggestion: less costly
...ission can prove manned mission in fact less costlier than unmanned mission and this is not i...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 248, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Risks
...not impossible to decrease those risks. risks should first be calculated, methods to ...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 349, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: To
...ns are not necessarily mean impossible. to envision this far seen dream, we have t...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, hence, however, if, may, really, so, while, in fact
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 25.0 19.6327345309 127% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 20.0 11.1786427146 179% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 13.6137724551 73% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 33.0 28.8173652695 115% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 55.5748502994 76% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 16.3942115768 61% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2100.0 2260.96107784 93% => OK
No of words: 390.0 441.139720559 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.38461538462 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.44391917772 4.56307096286 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.74737337952 2.78398813304 99% => OK
Unique words: 187.0 204.123752495 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.479487179487 0.468620217663 102% => OK
syllable_count: 655.2 705.55239521 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 3.0 8.76447105788 34% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.67365269461 239% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 22.8473053892 88% => OK
Sentence length SD: 43.2926010708 57.8364921388 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.526315789 119.503703932 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.5263157895 23.324526521 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.31578947368 5.70786347227 58% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 6.88822355289 145% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.241723051944 0.218282227539 111% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0768627422264 0.0743258471296 103% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0612341520118 0.0701772020484 87% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.113076310656 0.128457276422 88% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.086424141098 0.0628817314937 137% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 14.3799401198 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 42.72 48.3550499002 88% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 12.197005988 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.92 12.5979740519 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.43 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 94.0 98.500998004 95% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 11.1389221557 90% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.