The following memo was published by the Welzaton City Commission.
"A recent nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a safety helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, cites a 200 percent increase in the number of serious accidents involving bicycles during the same period. Meanwhile, results of a local survey of frequent bicycle riders indicate that 75 percent of those riders feel 'much safer' on busy roads when they wear helmets than when they don't. Clearly, the best explanation for the rise in bicycle-related accidents is that bicyclists take more risks now than they did ten years ago because they feel safer when they are wearing helmets."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument
Chat GPT template:
Essay topic:
It is well known that the use of helmet is associated with increased safety of bicycle riders. However, this is not the case in Welzaton City, as this memo tries to establish a link between the increased usage of helmet and shocking increase in the frequency of severe bicycle associated accidents. The memo further postulates a reason, backed by facts, to be the increased risked taken by riders because they feel safe using helmets. While this seems plausible, there are alternate explanations . This response explores some of these explanations and how they account for the facts presented.
Firstly, a major alternate explanation is that the data collected by the survey were not an accurate depiction of the usage of helmets by Welzaton. The argument cites a nationwide survey and infers the result to the current state of welzaton city. In addition to been logically fallacious, this could possibly be a wrong inference. Of the data collected it could be that Welzaton riders did not give any response or their response of not using helmets accounts for the remaining 20% of the survey that do not use helmet. This dismal or no-use of helmet could be responsible for the increase in accident rates.
Secondly, the may have been an increased use of faulty or substandard bicycles. The increase number of poorly maintained bicycles could be responsible for in increased number of accidents. The use of these on busy roads could potentially negate the advantageous effects of increased use of helmets. This could be responsible for the spike in bicycle related despite the increased use of helmets.
In conclusion, while it is possible to associate the increase frequency of accidents to the risking taking tendencies of bicycle riders, it is also important to explore other possible causes of bicycle accidents from this argument. Alternate explanations could be false data on the survey which does not accurately show the extent of bicycle usage by residents of WElzaton city; use of faulty and poorly managed bicycles on busy roads. Ruling out these explanation among others confirms the explanation provided.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 5 2
No. of Sentences: 17 15
No. of Words: 350 350
No. of Characters: 1763 1500
No. of Different Words: 166 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.325 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.037 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.701 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 136 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 103 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 79 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 49 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 20.588 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.885 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.412 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.339 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.529 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.084 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 13, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
Chat GPT template: Essay topic: It is well known that the use of helmet ...
^^^
Line 3, column 496, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...usible, there are alternate explanations . This response explores some of these ex...
^^
Line 5, column 296, Rule ID: MAY_COULD_POSSIBLY[1]
Message: Use simply 'could'.
Suggestion: could
...tion to been logically fallacious, this could possibly be a wrong inference. Of the data coll...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 315, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...lly fallacious, this could possibly be a wrong inference. Of the data collected i...
^^
Line 7, column 226, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ts. The use of these on busy roads could potentially negate the advantageous effe...
^^
Line 9, column 255, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...om this argument. Alternate explanations could be false data on the survey which ...
^^
Line 9, column 449, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this explanation' or 'these explanations'?
Suggestion: this explanation; these explanations
...aged bicycles on busy roads. Ruling out these explanation among others confirms the explanation p...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, firstly, however, may, second, secondly, so, well, while, in addition, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 19.6327345309 87% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.9520958084 62% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 13.6137724551 37% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 22.0 28.8173652695 76% => OK
Preposition: 52.0 55.5748502994 94% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 16.3942115768 49% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1810.0 2260.96107784 80% => OK
No of words: 350.0 441.139720559 79% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.17142857143 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.32530772707 4.56307096286 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.77692294539 2.78398813304 100% => OK
Unique words: 169.0 204.123752495 83% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.482857142857 0.468620217663 103% => OK
syllable_count: 585.0 705.55239521 83% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 4.96107784431 141% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 22.8473053892 88% => OK
Sentence length SD: 50.0542266501 57.8364921388 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 106.470588235 119.503703932 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.5882352941 23.324526521 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.70588235294 5.70786347227 100% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 7.0 5.25449101796 133% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.108686334544 0.218282227539 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0422130168954 0.0743258471296 57% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0335529188643 0.0701772020484 48% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0757685988479 0.128457276422 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0324729860178 0.0628817314937 52% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 14.3799401198 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 42.72 48.3550499002 88% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 12.197005988 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.71 12.5979740519 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.78 8.32208582834 106% => OK
difficult_words: 92.0 98.500998004 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 11.1389221557 90% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.