TPO 27 integrated writing : Little Ice Age
The article suggests three possible explanations for the Little Ice Age period. The professor however states that the article's arguments are out of date unfortunately, and scientists have now new information that challenges the arguments.
The first explanation is that a disruption in the Gulf Stream may have been the cause of the period. The professor opposes this point by saying that such disruption could have cooling effects in the Europe and North America only. Therefore, it cannot explain why the southern hemisphere, such as New Zeland and South Africa, was also involved in the Little Ice Age period.
The reading's second explanation is that a volcanic eruption could be the cause, since it sends dark clouds of dust in the atmosphere, blocking the sunlight and causing cooling. The professor contends with this point by saying that a strongly enogh dust for such cooling effects have visual effects that people would notice. But, there are no reports made by people on seeing such effects like colorful sunlight or brown and dark snows.
The third explanation offered by the author is that a significant decrease in human population may have been the cause, which means more trees, more carbon dioxide absorbation and decrease of the greenhouse effect. The professor refutes this point by saying that there was not enough time for such process to take place. He explains that at the time, human population recovered fairly quickly, leading to more agricultural fields for crops. Therefore, although substantial, that short period of human population decline could not have long-term global cooling effects.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ation that challenges the arguments. The first explanation is that a disruption ...
^^^
Line 3, column 102, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... may have been the cause of the period. The professor opposes this point by saying ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, may, second, so, therefore, third, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 22.0 30.3222958057 73% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1371.0 1373.03311258 100% => OK
No of words: 260.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.27307692308 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.01553427287 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61982372143 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 147.0 145.348785872 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.565384615385 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 409.5 419.366225166 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 35.128632671 49.2860985944 71% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.25 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.6666666667 21.698381199 100% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.08333333333 7.06452816374 86% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.358747380502 0.272083759551 132% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.127634284496 0.0996497079465 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0665234139544 0.0662205650399 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.207604881769 0.162205337803 128% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0586571485265 0.0443174109184 132% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.29 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.63 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.