tpo-27
In the reading, the author proposed several possible causes as the explanations of the Little Ice Age which was a period of unsually cold temperatures from nearly 1350 until 1900 C.E. However, finding all causes and explanations outdated and implausible, the lecturer totally rpudiates them and presents some evidence to the contrary.
At first, the author argues that disruption of ocean currents, such as Gulf Stream, made by considerable amount of cold freshwater sent from melted glaciers may have caused the Little Ice Age. Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that disrupion of the Gulf Stream justifies only cooling of Europe and Asia but Little Ice Age covered many parts of the world other than these regions. Owing to the fact that disruption of ocean cuurents cannot explain the cooling all over the world consequently it could not have been the cause of Little Ice Age.
In addition, the reading passage hold the view that volcanic eruptions may have caused the Little Ice Age. They made darks clouds of dust and sulfur gas so blocked sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. That being said, the lecturer disputes this explanation by clarifying the fact that if volcanic eruptions Had been the cause of Little Ice Age, they would have produced visual effects which could have been recognized by people of that time and then they reported it but there is no report about something like this.
Finally, the author draws attention to the considerable decrease in human populations as the last explanation of the Little Ice Age. Yet again, the lecturer dismisses it by pointing out that although forest trees had been cut down, they quickly were replaced. Consequently, the lack of forest trees did not last enough to be responsible of the Little Ice Age.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, conversely, finally, first, however, if, may, so, then, in addition, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1478.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 295.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 5.01016949153 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14434120667 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54249943188 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.566101694915 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 453.6 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 29.0 21.2450331126 137% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 81.8303733341 49.2860985944 166% => OK
Chars per sentence: 147.8 110.228320801 134% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.5 21.698381199 136% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.5 7.06452816374 134% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.572723947807 0.272083759551 210% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.234414526313 0.0996497079465 235% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0842863282646 0.0662205650399 127% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.330670818965 0.162205337803 204% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.090570297557 0.0443174109184 204% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.9 13.3589403974 127% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.5 53.8541721854 94% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.37 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.5 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 19.0 10.7273730684 177% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.6 10.498013245 130% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.